Efficient ethanol production from separated parenchyma and vascular bundle of oil palm trunk.

For efficient utilization of both starchy and cellulosic materials, oil palm trunk was separated into parenchyma (PA) and vascular bundle (VB). High solid-state simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (HSS-SSF) using 30% (w/v) PA, containing 46.7% (w/w) starch, supplemented with amylases and Saccharomyces cerevisiae K3, produced 6.1% (w/v) ethanol. Subsequent alkali-pretreatment using sodium hydroxide was carried out with starch-free PA (sfPA) and VB. Enzymatic digestibility of 5% (w/v) pretreated sfPA and VB was 92% and 97%, respectively, using 18 FPU of commercial cellulase supplemented with 10 U of Novozyme-188 per gram of substrate. Likewise, HSS-SSF using 30% (w/v) alkali-pretreated sfPA and VB, with cellulases and yeast, resulted in high ethanol production (8.2% and 8.5% (w/v), respectively). These results show that HSS-SSF using separated PA and VB is a useful fermentation strategy, without loss of starchy and cellulosic materials, for oil palm trunk.