The emerging role of T cell cytokines in non-small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is among the most frequent types of cancer and associated with significant mortality. Recent studies suggest that tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes and their immunoregulatory cytokines play a fundamental role in controlling tumor growth and metastasis. Whereas T helper 1 cells and their master transcription factor T-bet have been identified as important regulators of IFN-gamma driven anti-tumoral immune response, IL-17 producing T helper 17 cells expressing RORA/C transcription factors have been found to augment tumor growth and cell proliferation in NSCLC. Furthermore, regulatory T cells were shown to impair immune responses against lung cancer. As modulation of T cell cytokines such as IL-17A has been recently shown to suppress tumor growth in experimental models, anti-cytokine agents emerge as a promising new approach for treatment of lung cancer.