BACKGROUND: Factor analysis has been used to identify potential clinical subtypes of mania in pediatric bipolar disorder. Results vary in the number of factors retained. The present study used a formal diagnostic instrument to examine how symptoms of mania in young people are expressed, depending on age of symptom onset and current age. METHODS: Trained clinicians completed the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS) Mania Rating Scale (MRS) with parents of 163 children with child-onset of symptoms (before age 12), 94 adolescents with child-onset of symptoms, and 90 adolescents with adolescent-onset of symptoms (after age 12). Factor analysis of symptom ratings during the most severe lifetime manic episode was performed for each age group. RESULTS: Symptom factor structures were established for each age group. Two factors were evident for children with child-onset of symptoms ("activated/pleasure seeking" and "labile/disorganized"), one factor was present for adolescents with child-onset of symptoms ("activated/pleasure seeking/disorganized") and two factors were evident for adolescents with adolescent-onset of symptoms ("activated/pleasure seeking" and "disorganized/psychotic"). The factor structures for children with child-onset and adolescents with adolescent-onset of symptoms were highly similar, with the latter factor structure including psychotic symptoms. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include reliance on retrospective parent report and potential issues with generalizability. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest mania symptomatology is largely similar when examined by both age of onset and current age, with some notable differences. Specifically, psychotic symptoms begin emerging as a distinct factor in adolescents with adolescent-onset of symptoms.
BACKGROUND: Factor analysis has been used to identify potential clinical subtypes of mania in pediatric bipolar disorder. Results vary in the number of factors retained. The present study used a formal diagnostic instrument to examine how symptoms of mania in young people are expressed, depending on age of symptom onset and current age. METHODS: Trained clinicians completed the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS) Mania Rating Scale (MRS) with parents of 163 children with child-onset of symptoms (before age 12), 94 adolescents with child-onset of symptoms, and 90 adolescents with adolescent-onset of symptoms (after age 12). Factor analysis of symptom ratings during the most severe lifetime manic episode was performed for each age group. RESULTS: Symptom factor structures were established for each age group. Two factors were evident for children with child-onset of symptoms ("activated/pleasure seeking" and "labile/disorganized"), one factor was present for adolescents with child-onset of symptoms ("activated/pleasure seeking/disorganized") and two factors were evident for adolescents with adolescent-onset of symptoms ("activated/pleasure seeking" and "disorganized/psychotic"). The factor structures for children with child-onset and adolescents with adolescent-onset of symptoms were highly similar, with the latter factor structure including psychotic symptoms. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include reliance on retrospective parent report and potential issues with generalizability. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest mania symptomatology is largely similar when examined by both age of onset and current age, with some notable differences. Specifically, psychotic symptoms begin emerging as a distinct factor in adolescents with adolescent-onset of symptoms.
Authors: J Kaufman; B Birmaher; D Brent; U Rao; C Flynn; P Moreci; D Williamson; N Ryan Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 1997-07 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Demitri Papolos; John Hennen; Melissa S Cockerham; Henry C Thode; Eric A Youngstrom Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2006-06-23 Impact factor: 4.839
Authors: Eric A Youngstrom; Carla Kmett Danielson; Robert L Findling; Barbara L Gracious; Joseph R Calabrese Journal: J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol Date: 2002-12
Authors: B Geller; B Zimerman; M Williams; K Bolhofner; J L Craney; M P Delbello; C A Soutullo Journal: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol Date: 2000 Impact factor: 2.576
Authors: Roy H Perlis; Sachiko Miyahara; Lauren B Marangell; Stephen R Wisniewski; Michael Ostacher; Melissa P DelBello; Charles L Bowden; Gary S Sachs; Andrew A Nierenberg Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2004-05-01 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Amy T Peters; Sally M Weinstein; Ashley Isaia; Anna VAN Meter; Courtney A Zulauf; Amy E West Journal: J Psychiatr Pract Date: 2018-05 Impact factor: 1.325