Kjersti Støen Grotmol1, Tore Gude, Torbjørn Moum, Per Vaglum, Reidar Tyssen. 1. Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1111 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway. k.s.grotmol@medisin.uio.no
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Doctors have an increased risk of suicide, and depressive symptoms are prominent among young doctors. We lack prospective studies that identify risk factors to be targeted in medical schools. METHODS: From 1993 to 2008, graduating medical students (n=631) from all four Norwegian universities participated in the Longitudinal Study of Norwegian Medical Students and Doctors (NORDOC). After their graduating term (T1), they were followed up 1 (T2), 4 (T3), 10 (T4), and 15 (T5) years later with postal surveys. Severe depressive symptoms were measured by the General Health Questionnaire-28 (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) and analyzed by generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: At T1 and T5, 13.7% and 7.2%, respectively, of the doctors reported severe depressive symptoms; a significant reduction over time (p=0.001) in both genders (response rates 56-83%). Independent risk factors for future depressive symptoms were: young age (odds ratio [OR] 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.2, p=0.003); high neuroticism (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.5-7.6, p=0.003); high reality weakness (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2-4.2, p=0.008); and severe depressive symptoms at T1 (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.1-6.1, p<0.001). LIMITATIONS: Selection bias and concurrent life and work stress may have influenced the results. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to low age, high neuroticism yielded a threefold increased risk over the 15-year follow-up, whereas high reality weakness, which is linked to personality pathology, doubled the risk. These factors are clinically relevant for identification of students at risk.
BACKGROUND: Doctors have an increased risk of suicide, and depressive symptoms are prominent among young doctors. We lack prospective studies that identify risk factors to be targeted in medical schools. METHODS: From 1993 to 2008, graduating medical students (n=631) from all four Norwegian universities participated in the Longitudinal Study of Norwegian Medical Students and Doctors (NORDOC). After their graduating term (T1), they were followed up 1 (T2), 4 (T3), 10 (T4), and 15 (T5) years later with postal surveys. Severe depressive symptoms were measured by the General Health Questionnaire-28 (T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) and analyzed by generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: At T1 and T5, 13.7% and 7.2%, respectively, of the doctors reported severe depressive symptoms; a significant reduction over time (p=0.001) in both genders (response rates 56-83%). Independent risk factors for future depressive symptoms were: young age (odds ratio [OR] 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.2, p=0.003); high neuroticism (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.5-7.6, p=0.003); high reality weakness (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2-4.2, p=0.008); and severe depressive symptoms at T1 (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.1-6.1, p<0.001). LIMITATIONS: Selection bias and concurrent life and work stress may have influenced the results. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to low age, high neuroticism yielded a threefold increased risk over the 15-year follow-up, whereas high reality weakness, which is linked to personality pathology, doubled the risk. These factors are clinically relevant for identification of students at risk.
Authors: Michael de Vibe; Ida Solhaug; Reidar Tyssen; Oddgeir Friborg; Jan H Rosenvinge; Tore Sørlie; Even Halland; Arild Bjørndal Journal: Mindfulness (N Y) Date: 2015
Authors: Fernanda Brenneisen Mayer; Itamar Souza Santos; Paulo S P Silveira; Maria Helena Itaqui Lopes; Alicia Regina Navarro Dias de Souza; Eugenio Paes Campos; Benedita Andrade Leal de Abreu; Itágores Hoffman Ii; Cleidilene Ramos Magalhães; Maria Cristina P Lima; Raitany Almeida; Mateus Spinardi; Patricia Tempski Journal: BMC Med Educ Date: 2016-10-26 Impact factor: 2.463