OBJECTIVES: To determine the complete nucleotide sequence of the VIM-1-encoding plasmid pTC2, which was isolated from a Greek Providencia stuartii multiresistant strain. METHODS: The pTC2 plasmid was extracted and sequenced using shotgun and 3 kb paired-end DNA libraries and a 454 sequencing approach. Following assembly into a unique scaffold, gaps were closed by PCR followed by Sanger DNA sequencing. Gene predictions and annotations were performed using the CAAT-Box tool and the Conserved Domain Search service. Sequence comparisons were performed using the Artemis Comparison Tool. RESULTS: Plasmid pTC2 (180,184 bp) was found to be a multireplicon plasmid (IncA/C and IncR), with a large IncA/C backbone and a mosaic multidrug resistance (MDR) region, in which was inserted a 13 kb IncR fragment. Gene annotation allowed the identification of a complete IncA/C-type transfer system and of several putative maintenance modules, both on the IncA/C backbone and on the IncR fragment. The complex MDR region contained 9 insertion sequences (7 IS26, 1 IS1 and 1 IS6100), 10 resistance genes and a mercury resistance operon integrated into unit transposons, composite transposons or integrons. CONCLUSIONS: The pTC2 combines a broad host range, transfer and maintenance capacities, plasticity of the MDR region and a wide variety of resistance genes, properties that may contribute to the spreading of resistance determinants.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the complete nucleotide sequence of the VIM-1-encoding plasmid pTC2, which was isolated from a Greek Providencia stuartii multiresistant strain. METHODS: The pTC2 plasmid was extracted and sequenced using shotgun and 3 kb paired-end DNA libraries and a 454 sequencing approach. Following assembly into a unique scaffold, gaps were closed by PCR followed by Sanger DNA sequencing. Gene predictions and annotations were performed using the CAAT-Box tool and the Conserved Domain Search service. Sequence comparisons were performed using the Artemis Comparison Tool. RESULTS: Plasmid pTC2 (180,184 bp) was found to be a multireplicon plasmid (IncA/C and IncR), with a large IncA/C backbone and a mosaic multidrug resistance (MDR) region, in which was inserted a 13 kb IncR fragment. Gene annotation allowed the identification of a complete IncA/C-type transfer system and of several putative maintenance modules, both on the IncA/C backbone and on the IncR fragment. The complex MDR region contained 9 insertion sequences (7 IS26, 1 IS1 and 1 IS6100), 10 resistance genes and a mercury resistance operon integrated into unit transposons, composite transposons or integrons. CONCLUSIONS: The pTC2 combines a broad host range, transfer and maintenance capacities, plasticity of the MDR region and a wide variety of resistance genes, properties that may contribute to the spreading of resistance determinants.
Authors: Lakshmanane Premkumar; Fabian Kurth; Simon Neyer; Mark A Schembri; Jennifer L Martin Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 2013-12-05 Impact factor: 5.157
Authors: C C Papagiannitsis; V Miriagou; P Giakkoupi; L S Tzouvelekis; A C Vatopoulos Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2013-04-29 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Tracy H Hazen; LiCheng Zhao; Mallory A Boutin; Angela Stancil; Gwen Robinson; Anthony D Harris; David A Rasko; J Kristie Johnson Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2014-06-09 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Ryan T Botts; Brooke A Apffel; C J Walters; Kelly E Davidson; Ryan S Echols; Michael R Geiger; Victoria L Guzman; Victoria S Haase; Michal A Montana; Chip A La Chat; Jenna A Mielke; Kelly L Mullen; Cierra C Virtue; Celeste J Brown; Eva M Top; David E Cummings Journal: Front Microbiol Date: 2017-10-10 Impact factor: 5.640