Vibration-induced liquefaction of granular suspensions.

We investigate the mechanical behavior of granular suspensions subjected to coupled vibrations and shear. At high shear stress, whatever the mechanical vibration energy and bead size, the system behaves like a homogeneous suspension of hard spheres. At low shear stress, in addition to a dependence on bead size, vibration energy drastically influences the viscosity of the material that can decrease by more than 2 orders of magnitude. All experiments can be rationalized by introducing a hydrodynamical Peclet number defined as the ratio between the lubrication stress induced by vibrations and granular pressure. The behavior of vibrated wet and dry granular materials can then be unified by assimilating the hookean stress in dry media to the lubrication stress in suspensions.