Genetic markers of inflammation and their role in cardiovascular disease.

Atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are multifaceted disorders, influenced by environmental and heritable risk factors. Inflammation plays a significant role in each stage of atherosclerosis and as such, discovery and characterization of inflammatory biomarkers associated with risk of CVD is an active area of research. Because of the strong predicted genetic components of both CVD and inflammatory biomarkers, there is interest in identifying genetic determinants of inflammatory markers and characterizing their role in CVD. Recent developments in the methodological approaches of genetic epidemiology, especially genome-wide association studies and Mendelian randomization studies, have been effective in identifying novel gene associations and determining the causality of these genes with CVD. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of the genetic architecture of inflammatory markers. The markers selected for this review include C-reactive protein, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-6, and P-selectin.