Bioinformatic databases and resources in the public domain to aid HLA research.

Research in HLA as in any other field depends on information. Different groups have generated generic and specific resources and tools to support this research. The present review describes a qualified subset of these resources, which should cover the most important starting points for research in the HLA field. It discusses access to HLA allele sequences, allele frequencies, continues with general support to access to literature, DNA and protein sequence information, structural models, teaching books, databases with phenotypic datasets, alignment tools, peptide binding, statistical tools, guidelines and ambiguity coding. Following functionalities and databases have been included: IMGT/HLA, Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD), allele frequencies*.net, a detailed look into NCBI (National Center of Biotechnology Information) with a subset of databases and tools, focusing on literature research, sequences, user-specific support tools and applications (PubMed, GenBank, MyNCBI, blast, Gene, MapViewer, Structure, CN3D, WorkBench, and dbMHC). This is followed by a brief survey of EBI-EMBL/Ensemble, the sequence alignment tool Clustal, the peptide and ligand databases SYFPEITHI and Immune Epitope Database, and last but not least statistical packages and HLA allele coding resources PyPop, the Immuno-genomics Data Analysis Working Group and the NMDP informatics section. All databases and tools can be freely accessed. Data linked to individuals, however, might require authorization by a data access committee.