Study on the selectivity of anion receptors based on similar (thio)urea fragments.

Three new selective anion receptors containing the (thio)urea binding sites were developed, Indole-3-formaldehyde phenyl-semithiocarbazone, Indole-3-formaldehyde nitrophenyl-semithiocarbazone, and Indole-3-formaldehyde nitrophenyl-semicarbazone, nominated as receptors 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Receptor 1 shows high selective recognition for F(-) only, while both receptor 2 and receptor 3 containing a p-nitro group show high selective recognition for AcO(-). The high selective recognition of these receptors to anions is further investigated by X-ray crystallography diffraction, UV-vis, fluorescence analyses and (1)H NMR. Furthermore, receptor 2 changes from yellow to orange, and receptor 3 darkens when acetate is added, providing a way of detection by 'naked-eye'.