Celiac disease: a medical puzzle.

OVERVIEW: Celiac disease is a T-cell-mediated, autoimmune, genetic illness that targets the small intestine and typically resolves with removal of gluten from the diet. More widespread serologic testing indicates that celiac disease affects 0.5% to 1% of the U.S. population, but presentation is highly variable and diagnosis is often missed or delayed. Strict adherence to a gluten-free diet remains the only treatment but can be challenging. This article outlines the pathophysiology of celiac disease, discusses signs and symptoms and the four disease types, describes testing, and addresses treatment and nursing implications.