Tailoring of molecular planarity to reduce charge injection barrier for high-performance small-molecule-based ternary memory device with low threshold voltage.

By introducing a coplanar fluorenone into the center of an azo molecule, the turn-on voltages of the ternary memory devices are significantly decreased to lower than -2 V due to the improved crystallinity and the reduced charge injection barrier. The resulting low-power consumption devices will have great potential applications in high-performance chips for future portable nanoelectronic devices.