Hormone assays: some aspects that endocrinologists should know.

Since the pioneering works of Yalow and Berson that introduced radioimmunoassays (RIA), hormone assays have been developed gradually, with improvements in all aspects of their design, from immunoradiometric assays to automatization. Examples of this evolution are the thyrotropin (TSH) and parathyroid (PTH) assays. Despite the strong accuracy and reliability of currently used hormone assays, some limitations should be reviewed, such as interference by autoantibodies, heterophile antibodies or macroprolactin and the hook effect.