Rituximab for treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

We report the successful use of rituximab as single treatment modality in a five-month-old boy with fulminant warm autoantibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia, resistant to standard treatment. On admission, laboratory tests showed a profound anemia with a hemoglobin of 2.6 g/dL. Indirect and direct antiglobulin tests were strongly positive, and nonspecific IgG autoantibodies were detected. Two days of intravenous corticosteroids (methylprednisolone 4mg/kg) and immunoglobulins (1g/kg) did not halt the hemolysis and the infant was severely transfusion-dependent. Rituximab 375mg/sq m weekly was given for 4 weeks, the hepatosplenomegaly gradually regressed, the lymphocytes normalized and he is free from hemolysis two years after treatment.