OBJECTIVE: Low-glycemic load diets lower post-prandial glucose and insulin responses; however, the effect of glycemic load on circulating incretin concentrations is unclear. We aimed to assess effects of dietary glycemic load on fasting and post-prandial glucose, insulin and incretin (i.e., glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)) concentrations and to examine for effect modification by adiposity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a single-center, randomized controlled crossover feeding trial in which a subset of participants had post-prandial testing. Participants were recruited from the local Seattle area. We enrolled 89 overweight-obese (BMI 28.0-39.9 kg/m(2)) and lean (BMI 18.5-25.0 kg/m(2)) healthy adults. Participants consumed two 28-day, weight-maintaining high- and low-glycemic load controlled diets in random order. Primary outcome measures were post-prandial circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, GIP and GLP-1, following a test breakfast. RESULTS: Of the 80 participants completing both diet interventions, 16 had incretin testing and comprise the group for analyses. Following each 28-day high- and low-glycemic load diet, mean fasting concentrations of insulin, glucose, GIP and GLP-1 were not significantly different. Mean integrated post-prandial concentrations of glucose, insulin and GIP were higher (1504±476 mg/dL/min, p<0.01; 2012±644 μU/mL/min, p<0.01 and 15517±4062 pg/mL/min, p<0.01, respectively) and GLP-1 was lower (-81.6±38.5 pmol/L/min, p<0.03) following the high-glycemic load breakfast as compared to the low-glycemic load breakfast. Body fat did not significantly modify the effect of glycemic load on metabolic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS:High-glycemic load diets in weight-maintained healthy individuals lead to higher post-prandial GIP and lower post-prandial GLP-1 concentrations. Future studies evaluating dietary glycemic load manipulation of incretin effects would be helpful for establishing diabetes nutrition guidelines.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVE: Low-glycemic load diets lower post-prandial glucose and insulin responses; however, the effect of glycemic load on circulating incretin concentrations is unclear. We aimed to assess effects of dietary glycemic load on fasting and post-prandial glucose, insulin and incretin (i.e., glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)) concentrations and to examine for effect modification by adiposity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a single-center, randomized controlled crossover feeding trial in which a subset of participants had post-prandial testing. Participants were recruited from the local Seattle area. We enrolled 89 overweight-obese (BMI 28.0-39.9 kg/m(2)) and lean (BMI 18.5-25.0 kg/m(2)) healthy adults. Participants consumed two 28-day, weight-maintaining high- and low-glycemic load controlled diets in random order. Primary outcome measures were post-prandial circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, GIP and GLP-1, following a test breakfast. RESULTS: Of the 80 participants completing both diet interventions, 16 had incretin testing and comprise the group for analyses. Following each 28-day high- and low-glycemic load diet, mean fasting concentrations of insulin, glucose, GIP and GLP-1 were not significantly different. Mean integrated post-prandial concentrations of glucose, insulin and GIP were higher (1504±476 mg/dL/min, p<0.01; 2012±644 μU/mL/min, p<0.01 and 15517±4062 pg/mL/min, p<0.01, respectively) and GLP-1 was lower (-81.6±38.5 pmol/L/min, p<0.03) following the high-glycemic load breakfast as compared to the low-glycemic load breakfast. Body fat did not significantly modify the effect of glycemic load on metabolic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: High-glycemic load diets in weight-maintained healthy individuals lead to higher post-prandial GIP and lower post-prandial GLP-1 concentrations. Future studies evaluating dietary glycemic load manipulation of incretin effects would be helpful for establishing diabetes nutrition guidelines.
Authors: Katri S Juntunen; Leo K Niskanen; Kirsi H Liukkonen; Kaisa S Poutanen; Jens J Holst; Hannu M Mykkänen Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2002-02 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: M O Weickert; M Mohlig; C Koebnick; J J Holst; P Namsolleck; M Ristow; M Osterhoff; H Rochlitz; N Rudovich; J Spranger; A F H Pfeiffer Journal: Diabetologia Date: 2005-09-20 Impact factor: 10.122
Authors: Thomas Pj Solomon; Jacob M Haus; Karen R Kelly; Marc D Cook; Julianne Filion; Michael Rocco; Sangeeta R Kashyap; Richard M Watanabe; Hope Barkoukis; John P Kirwan Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2010-10-27 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Supriya Krishnan; Lynn Rosenberg; Martha Singer; Frank B Hu; Luc Djoussé; L Adrienne Cupples; Julie R Palmer Journal: Arch Intern Med Date: 2007-11-26
Authors: Katherine M Flegal; John A Shepherd; Anne C Looker; Barry I Graubard; Lori G Borrud; Cynthia L Ogden; Tamara B Harris; James E Everhart; Nathaniel Schenker Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2008-12-30 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Kirsten Vollmer; Jens J Holst; Birgit Baller; Mark Ellrichmann; Michael A Nauck; Wolfgang E Schmidt; Juris J Meier Journal: Diabetes Date: 2007-12-05 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Kristina M Utzschneider; Ronald L Prigeon; Mirjam V Faulenbach; Jenny Tong; Darcy B Carr; Edward J Boyko; Donna L Leonetti; Marguerite J McNeely; Wilfred Y Fujimoto; Steven E Kahn Journal: Diabetes Care Date: 2008-10-28 Impact factor: 19.112
Authors: Robert E Steinert; Christine Feinle-Bisset; Lori Asarian; Michael Horowitz; Christoph Beglinger; Nori Geary Journal: Physiol Rev Date: 2017-01 Impact factor: 37.312
Authors: Krystal A Irizarry; Diana R Mager; Lucila Triador; Michael J Muehlbauer; Andrea M Haqq; Michael Freemark Journal: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) Date: 2019-01-31 Impact factor: 3.478
Authors: Carly B Garrison; Yuzheng Zhang; Sandi L Navarro; Timothy W Randolph; Meredith A J Hullar; Mario Kratz; Marian L Neuhouser; Daniel Raftery; Paul D Lampe; Johanna W Lampe Journal: Cancer Prev Res (Phila) Date: 2019-07-02
Authors: Henry J Thompson; Marian L Neuhouser; Johanna W Lampe; John N McGinley; Elizabeth S Neil; Yvonne Schwartz; Anne McTiernan Journal: Mol Nutr Food Res Date: 2016-03-17 Impact factor: 5.914
Authors: Christine Clar; Lena Al-Khudairy; Emma Loveman; Sarah Am Kelly; Louise Hartley; Nadine Flowers; Roberta Germanò; Gary Frost; Karen Rees Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2017-07-31
Authors: Sandi L Navarro; Aliasghar Tarkhan; Ali Shojaie; Timothy W Randolph; Haiwei Gu; Danijel Djukovic; Katie J Osterbauer; Meredith A Hullar; Mario Kratz; Marian L Neuhouser; Paul D Lampe; Daniel Raftery; Johanna W Lampe Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2019-10-01 Impact factor: 7.045