PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the past year's literature regarding the regulation of gastric exocrine and endocrine secretion, both basic science and clinical. RECENT FINDINGS: Gastric acid secretion facilitates the digestion of protein as well as the absorption of iron, calcium, vitamin B12, and certain medications as well as prevents bacterial overgrowth, enteric infection, and possibly community-acquired pneumonia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and IgE-mediated food allergy. It is regulated by neural (e.g., pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide), hormonal (e.g., gastrin, ghrelin, and apelin), and paracrine (e.g., histamine) pathways as well as by chemical (e.g., amino acids) and bacterial stimuli (e.g., Helicobacter pylori). Novel peptides, which may possess physiologic function, have been identified in gastric mucosal neuroendocrine cells including parathyroid hormone-like hormone in histamine-secreting enterochromaffin-like cells and hepcidin in acid-secreting parietal cells. The secretion of hydrochloric acid by parietal cells involves translocation of the proton pump, HK-ATPase, to the apical membrane along with activation of apical chloride and potassium channels. Serum markers include chromogranin A for neuroendocrine tumors, pepsinogen I for gastric atrophy, and pepsinogen II for H. pylori infection. SUMMARY: We continue to make progress in our understanding of the regulation of gastric acid secretion in health and disease.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review summarizes the past year's literature regarding the regulation of gastric exocrine and endocrine secretion, both basic science and clinical. RECENT FINDINGS: Gastric acid secretion facilitates the digestion of protein as well as the absorption of iron, calcium, vitamin B12, and certain medications as well as prevents bacterial overgrowth, enteric infection, and possibly community-acquired pneumonia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and IgE-mediated food allergy. It is regulated by neural (e.g., pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide), hormonal (e.g., gastrin, ghrelin, and apelin), and paracrine (e.g., histamine) pathways as well as by chemical (e.g., amino acids) and bacterial stimuli (e.g., Helicobacter pylori). Novel peptides, which may possess physiologic function, have been identified in gastric mucosal neuroendocrine cells including parathyroid hormone-like hormone in histamine-secreting enterochromaffin-like cells and hepcidin in acid-secreting parietal cells. The secretion of hydrochloric acid by parietal cells involves translocation of the proton pump, HK-ATPase, to the apical membrane along with activation of apical chloride and potassium channels. Serum markers include chromogranin A for neuroendocrine tumors, pepsinogen I for gastric atrophy, and pepsinogen II for H. pyloriinfection. SUMMARY: We continue to make progress in our understanding of the regulation of gastric acid secretion in health and disease.
Authors: Marcin R Tatara; Witold Krupski; Maria Szpetnar; Andrzej Dąbrowski; Paweł Bury; Anna Szabelska; Anna Charuta; Anna Boguszewska-Czubara; Ryszard Maciejewski; Grzegorz Wallner Journal: Exp Biol Med (Maywood) Date: 2015-06-02
Authors: M Maggio; F Lauretani; F De Vita; V Buttò; C Cattabiani; S Masoni; E Sutti; G Bondi; E Dall'aglio; S Bandinelli; A Corsonello; A M Abbatecola; F Lattanzio; L Ferrucci; G P Ceda Journal: J Nutr Health Aging Date: 2014-04 Impact factor: 4.075
Authors: Ben E Paxton; Christopher L Alley; Jennifer H Crow; James Burchette; Clifford R Weiss; Dara L Kraitchman; Aravind Arepally; Charles Y Kim Journal: J Vasc Interv Radiol Date: 2014-01-21 Impact factor: 3.464