Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion tensor tractography of human visual pathway.

AIM: To investigate the visual pathway in normal subjects and patients with lesion involved by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT).
METHODS: Thirty normal volunteers, 3 subjects with orbital tumors involved the optic nerve (ON) and 33 subjects with occipital lobe tumors involved the optic radiation (OR) (10 gliomas, 6 meningiomas and 17 cerebral metastases) undertook routine cranium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), DTI and DTT. Visual pathway fibers were analyzed by DTI and DTT images. Test fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values in different part of the visual pathway.
RESULTS: The whole visual pathway but optic chiasm manifested as hyperintensity in FA maps and homogenous green signal in the direction encoded color maps. The optic chiasm did not display clearly. There was no significant difference between the bilateral FA values and MD values of normal visual pathway but optic chiasm, which the FA values tested were much too low (all P>0.05). The ONs of subjects with orbital tumors were compressed and displaced. Only one subject had lower FA values and higher MD values. OR of 9 gliomas subjects were infiltrated, with displacement in 2 and disruption in 7 subjects. All OR in 6 meniongiomas subjects were displaced. OR in 17 cerebral metastases subjects all developed displacement while 7 of them had disruption also.
CONCLUSION: MR-DTI is highly sensitive in manifesting visual pathway. Visual pathway can be analyzed quantitatively in FA and MD values. DTT supplies accurate three dimensional conformations of visual pathway. But optic chiasm's manifestation still needs to improve.