BACKGROUND: Cancer among adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 15-29 years old) is relatively rare but its incidence is increasing worldwide. To define the extent and nature of the AYA patients, this population-based study was performed to explore trends in cancer incidence, survival and risk of second primary cancers in AYAs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from all AYAs diagnosed with cancer between 1989 and 2009 were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Age-standardized incidence rates with estimated annual percentage of change (EAPC) and five-year relative survival rates were calculated. Relative survival was used as a good approximation of cause-specific survival. All analyses were stratified by gender, five-year age group and calendar period. In addition, Standardized Incidence Ratios were determined to evaluate the risk of second primary cancers. RESULTS: 23 161 AYAs were diagnosed with cancer between 1989 and 2009. Since 1989 the cancer incidence has increased significantly from 28 to 43 per 100 000 person years in males (EAPC: 1.9) and from 30 to 40 per 100 000 person years in females (EAPC: 1.4). The most frequently diagnosed cancers in male AYAs included testicular cancer, melanoma and Hodgkin's disease, whereas in females melanoma, breast cancer and Hodgkin's disease were the most frequently occurring cancers. Five-year relative survival rates were 80% and 82% for males and females, respectively. Over time, the five-year relative survival increased from 74% to 86% and from 79% to 86% in males and females, respectively. The risk of developing a second primary cancer was increased three to six times in males and two to five times in females, depending on rules for counting second primary cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall survival has improved over time, the progress made in AYAs for specific cancers is still less compared to improvements made in children and adults. This and the increasing incidence and high risk of second primary cancers warrants further research.
BACKGROUND:Cancer among adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 15-29 years old) is relatively rare but its incidence is increasing worldwide. To define the extent and nature of the AYA patients, this population-based study was performed to explore trends in cancer incidence, survival and risk of second primary cancers in AYAs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from all AYAs diagnosed with cancer between 1989 and 2009 were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Age-standardized incidence rates with estimated annual percentage of change (EAPC) and five-year relative survival rates were calculated. Relative survival was used as a good approximation of cause-specific survival. All analyses were stratified by gender, five-year age group and calendar period. In addition, Standardized Incidence Ratios were determined to evaluate the risk of second primary cancers. RESULTS: 23 161 AYAs were diagnosed with cancer between 1989 and 2009. Since 1989 the cancer incidence has increased significantly from 28 to 43 per 100 000 person years in males (EAPC: 1.9) and from 30 to 40 per 100 000 person years in females (EAPC: 1.4). The most frequently diagnosed cancers in male AYAs included testicular cancer, melanoma and Hodgkin's disease, whereas in females melanoma, breast cancer and Hodgkin's disease were the most frequently occurring cancers. Five-year relative survival rates were 80% and 82% for males and females, respectively. Over time, the five-year relative survival increased from 74% to 86% and from 79% to 86% in males and females, respectively. The risk of developing a second primary cancer was increased three to six times in males and two to five times in females, depending on rules for counting second primary cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall survival has improved over time, the progress made in AYAs for specific cancers is still less compared to improvements made in children and adults. This and the increasing incidence and high risk of second primary cancers warrants further research.
Authors: Maria Olsson; Gunnar Steineck; Karin Enskär; Ulrica Wilderäng; Marianne Jarfelt Journal: J Cancer Surviv Date: 2018-03-05 Impact factor: 4.442
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Authors: Terri Patricia McVeigh; Raghav Sundar; Nikolaos Diamantis; Stan B Kaye; Udai Banerji; Juanita S Lopez; Johann de Bono; Winette T A van der Graaf; Angela J George Journal: Eur J Cancer Date: 2018-03-31 Impact factor: 9.162
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Authors: Sukh Makhnoon; Jessica Corredor; Banu Arun; Donna Bell; Angela Yarbrough; John Andrew Livingston; Susan K Peterson; Michael Roth Journal: J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol Date: 2020-08-19 Impact factor: 1.757
Authors: C O'Hara; A Moran; J S Whelan; R E Hough; C A Stiller; M C G Stevens; D P Stark; R G Feltbower; M G McCabe Journal: Eur J Cancer Date: 2015-07-25 Impact factor: 9.162
Authors: Lida Kalmanti; Susanne Saussele; Michael Lauseker; Ulrike Proetel; Martin C Müller; Benjamin Hanfstein; Annette Schreiber; Alice Fabarius; Markus Pfirrmann; Susanne Schnittger; Jolanta Dengler; Christiane Falge; Lothar Kanz; Andreas Neubauer; Frank Stegelmann; Michael Pfreundschuh; Cornelius F Waller; Karsten Spiekermann; Stefan W Krause; Dominik Heim; Christoph Nerl; Dieter K Hossfeld; Hans-Jochem Kolb; Andreas Hochhaus; Joerg Hasford; Rüdiger Hehlmann Journal: Ann Hematol Date: 2013-10-27 Impact factor: 3.673