Emerging developments of chemoradiotherapy in stage III NSCLC.

Over the past decade, concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy has become the established treatment for patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Unfortunately, many patients with NSCLC are too old or have multiple comorbidities to withstand such aggressive treatments. Attempts to improve outcomes have included studies of radiotherapy dose escalation and new chemotherapy combinations, as well as adding biological agents and cancer vaccines to existing regimens. Technical radiotherapy modifications, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy and particle beam therapy, have also been investigated. Given the number of potential advances to current models of treatment development, phase III trials of any single new treatment can take years to complete, which is inadequate. To advance research within shorter timescales to improve patient outcomes, we need methods of improving clinical trial accrual, which might require changes in models of research governance, cooperative group activity, trial design and patient consent.