Creating graphene p-n junctions using self-assembled monolayers.

3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFES) were used to modify the interface between transferred CVD graphene films and its supporting dielectric to create n-type and p-type graphene, respectively. A graphene p-n junction was obtained by patterning both modifiers on the same dielectric and verified through the creation of a field effect transistor (FET). Characteristic I-V curves indicate the presence of two separate Dirac points which confirms an energy separation of neutrality points within the complementary regions. This method minimizes doping-induced defects and results in thermally stable graphene p-n junctions for temperatures up to 200 °C.