Erlotinib is an agent of oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors which are used for non-small cell lung cancer. Although this class of agents is considered to be relatively safe, the most serious, but rare, adverse reaction is drug-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). ILD induced by gefitinib been often described, but the ILD induced by erlotinib is relatively less well known. We here describle four cases of ILD related to erlotinib and review recent literatures to help physicians earlier alert erlotinib-induced ILD. It is important to carefully monitor pulmonary symptoms in all patients who are receiving erlotinib. Early diagnosis and timely intervention is critical in the treatment of drug-induced ILD.
Erlotinib is an agent of oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors which are used for non-small cell lung cancer. Although this class of agents is considered to be relatively safe, the most serious, but rare, adverse reaction is drug-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). ILD induced by gefitinib been often described, but the ILD induced by erlotinib is relatively less well known. We here describle four cases of ILD related to erlotinib and review recent literatures to help physicians earlier alert erlotinib-induced ILD. It is important to carefully monitor pulmonary symptoms in all patients who are receiving erlotinib. Early diagnosis and timely intervention is critical in the treatment of drug-induced ILD.
Chest CT scans before and after erlotinib treatment and after corticosteroid treatment. A: Chest CT scan before erlotinib treatment; B: Chest CT scan after 24 days of erlotinib treatment; C: Chest CT scan after 7 days of corticosteroid treatment.
病例1厄洛替尼治疗前后及糖皮质激素治疗后胸部CT变化Chest CT scans before and after erlotinib treatment and after corticosteroid treatment. A: Chest CT scan before erlotinib treatment; B: Chest CT scan after 24 days of erlotinib treatment; C: Chest CT scan after 7 days of corticosteroid treatment.病例2:女,76岁,既往无肺部疾病及结缔组织疾病史。2008年12月14日外院诊断为右肺腺癌伴双肺转移T4N2M1a-Ⅳ期(两肺),2008年12月19日开始口服厄洛替尼(150 mg/d)治疗,1个月后复查CT提示原发病灶缩小,服药70天后出现发热伴咳嗽、胸闷,多为干咳、偶有少量白色粘液痰。查体:双肺闻及细湿啰音。血常规示白细胞17.6×109/L,中性粒细胞比例81.25%,血气分析示低氧血症,胸部CT示右肺上叶肺癌伴双肺转移、双肺上叶为主多发片状磨玻璃影(与之前CT比较为新出现)、双侧少量胸腔积液(为新出现)、纵隔淋巴结肿大,痰细菌、真菌及结核菌培养均阴性。诊断考虑ILD,停用厄洛替尼并予头孢西丁预防性抗感染、甲基强的松龙(40 mg/d,静滴)抗炎治疗1周,继之口服强的松并逐渐减量(起始30 mg/d,以后每周减量5 mg/d直至停药),症状明显好转。10天后复查胸部CT示右肺上叶肺癌伴双肺转移、双肺多发片状磨玻璃影较前好转。见图 2。
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病例2厄洛替尼治疗前后及糖皮质激素治疗后胸部CT变化
Chest CT scans before and after erlotinib treatment and after corticosteroid treatment. A: Chest CT scan before erlotinib treatment; B: Chest CT scan after 70 days of erlotinib treatment; C: Chest CT scan after 10 days of corticosteroid treatment.
病例2厄洛替尼治疗前后及糖皮质激素治疗后胸部CT变化Chest CT scans before and after erlotinib treatment and after corticosteroid treatment. A: Chest CT scan before erlotinib treatment; B: Chest CT scan after 70 days of erlotinib treatment; C: Chest CT scan after 10 days of corticosteroid treatment.病例3:男,58岁,2011年12月22日因咳嗽、胸闷入院。既往无肺部疾病及结缔组织疾病史。外院胸部CT示双肺广泛分布粟粒、斑点、类结节密度增高影,纵隔淋巴结肿大及左侧胸腔积液。经气管镜刷检及活检病理提示为左下肺腺癌。EGFR基因突变检测为阳性。诊断为左肺腺癌T4N2M1a-Ⅳ期(两肺)。2011年12月31日参加临床研究开始口服厄洛替尼(150 mg/d)治疗。服药21天后出现干嗽、呼吸困难。查体:双肺满布细湿啰音,左肺闻及干鸣音,胸部CT提示双肺散在结节影、条索影、网格影及实变影,左肺实变较前增多。血常规示白细胞6.3×109/L,中性粒细胞比例84.3%,血气分析(鼻导管吸氧3 L/min)示低氧血症,痰细菌、真菌培养均阴性。诊断考虑为ILD,停用厄洛替尼,予头孢西丁预防性抗感染、甲基强的松龙(40 mg/d,静滴)抗炎及对症支持治疗,继之口服强的松起始30 mg/d,1周后减量5 mg/d。2周后症状缓解出院,继续口服强的松(每周减量5 mg/d直至停药)。3周后随访无咳嗽、胸闷主诉,查体双下肺闻及Velcro啰音,复查CT示双肺散在结节影、条索影、网格影及实变影,双肺病变较前好转。见图 3。
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病例3厄洛替尼治疗前后及糖皮质激素治疗后胸部CT变化
Chest CT scans before and after erlotinib treatment and after corticosteroid treatment. A: Chest CT scan before erlotinib treatment; B: Chest CT scan after 21 days of erlotinib treatment; C: Chest CT scan after 21 days of corticosteroid treatment.
病例3厄洛替尼治疗前后及糖皮质激素治疗后胸部CT变化Chest CT scans before and after erlotinib treatment and after corticosteroid treatment. A: Chest CT scan before erlotinib treatment; B: Chest CT scan after 21 days of erlotinib treatment; C: Chest CT scan after 21 days of corticosteroid treatment.病例4:男,65岁,既往无肺部疾病及结缔组织疾病史。2003年12月19日确诊为右肺上叶腺癌,行右肺上叶切除术,术后行4周期紫杉醇+卡铂辅助化疗。2007年8月28日随访发现右肺下叶复发,再次行右全肺切除术,术后予多西他赛+卡铂方案化疗4周期。2011年11月14日随访发现左肺转移伴多发骨转移,予培美曲塞+顺铂方案化疗4周期,于2012年2月29日予厄洛替尼(150 mg/d)维持治疗。服药22天后出现胸闷、气促伴发热。查体:右肺无呼吸音,左肺呼吸音粗。胸部CT提示右肺切除术后左肺多发转移瘤伴斑片影、实变影。血常规示白细胞9.0×109/L,中性粒细胞比例78.9%,血气分析(鼻导管吸氧3 L/min)示低氧血症,痰细菌、真菌培养均阴性。诊断考虑为ILD,停用厄洛替尼,头孢西丁预防性抗感染、甲基强的松龙(40 mg/d,静滴)抗炎及对症支持治疗,继之口服强的松(起始30 mg/d,1周后每周减量5 mg/d直至停药)。10天后症状缓解,复查CT示左肺斑片灶较前吸收。见图 4。
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病例4厄洛替尼治疗前后及糖皮质激素治疗后胸部CT变化
Chest CT scans before and after erlotinib treatment and after corticosteroid treatment. A: Chest CT scan before erlotinib treatment; B: Chest CT scan after 22 days of erlotinib treatment; C: Chest CT scan after 10 days of corticosteroid treatment.
病例4厄洛替尼治疗前后及糖皮质激素治疗后胸部CT变化Chest CT scans before and after erlotinib treatment and after corticosteroid treatment. A: Chest CT scan before erlotinib treatment; B: Chest CT scan after 22 days of erlotinib treatment; C: Chest CT scan after 10 days of corticosteroid treatment.
Authors: R ter Heine; R T A van den Bosch; C M Schaefer-Prokop; N A G Lankheet; J H Beijnen; G H A Staaks; M M van der Westerlaken; M M Malingré; J J G van den Brand Journal: Lung Cancer Date: 2011-11-17 Impact factor: 5.705
Authors: Demosthenes Makris; Arnaud Scherpereel; Marie Christine Copin; Guillaume Colin; Luc Brun; Jean Jacques Lafitte; Charles Hugo Marquette Journal: BMC Cancer Date: 2007-08-05 Impact factor: 4.430