Review of current literature and implications of RANKL inhibitors for oral health care providers.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) were the first class of drugs commonly used to prevent skeletal-related events (SRE) in patients with osteoporosis, multiple myeloma (MM), or solid tumors with metastases to bone. A new alternative class of agents, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) inhibitors, are now available for use in these indications and have the potential to replace intravenous BPs. This paper presents a review of the current literature on denosumab and its association with osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Denosumab is a RANKL inhibitor that has recently been approved for the prevention of SRE for the same indications as BPs except for MM. Although the overall frequency of denosumab-related ONJ may be similar or higher than estimates of the occurrence rate of bisphosphonate-related ONJ, evidence continues to support appropriate planning and preventive care can reduce the likelihood of adverse effects, including osteonecrosis.