Stanislav Ziaran1, Frederico Manuel Goncalves, Jan Breza. 1. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Comenius University in Bratislava, Limbova Str. 5, 831 01, Bratislava, Slovakia. stanoziaran@gmail.com
Abstract
PURPOSE: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) may increase peripheral insulin resistance, induce type 2 diabetes, change body composition, and alter lipoprotein profile. Some studies have reported an association between ADT and increased risk of cardiovascular events. It is known that serum level of fibrinogen (SF) is associated with coronary artery disease and increased cardiovascular risk (CVR). The aim of this study is to determine the increase in SF and C-reactive protein (CRP) of PCa patients on ADT. METHODS: Ninety-seven patients with locally advanced PCa (study group) were analyzed [mean age 73.4 years ± 6.3 SD, mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) 15.4 ng/ml ± 7.5 SD]. They were examined with blood chemistry including serum cholesterol (CHL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins, triacylglycerol (TAG), serum fibrinogen (FB), CRP and serum fasting glucose (SFG), serum testosterone, free testosterone at baseline, and after 12 months of ADT. RESULTS: Patients after 12 months of ADT (study group) had significantly higher overall serum CHL (p < 0.001), higher LDL (p = 0.01), higher FB (p < 0.001), higher serum SFG (p = 0.03) in comparison with the control group. Increase in HDL (p = 0.245) and CRP (p = 0.1) was not significant. Two patients from the study group were diagnosed with new-onset diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study that demonstrates the significant increase in FB in PCa patients on ADT, while CRP as inflammatory marker did not increase. Elevation of SF may contribute to increased CVR in PCa patients. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm this association.
PURPOSE: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer (PCa) may increase peripheral insulin resistance, induce type 2 diabetes, change body composition, and alter lipoprotein profile. Some studies have reported an association between ADT and increased risk of cardiovascular events. It is known that serum level of fibrinogen (SF) is associated with coronary artery disease and increased cardiovascular risk (CVR). The aim of this study is to determine the increase in SF and C-reactive protein (CRP) of PCa patients on ADT. METHODS: Ninety-seven patients with locally advanced PCa (study group) were analyzed [mean age 73.4 years ± 6.3 SD, mean prostate specific antigen (PSA) 15.4 ng/ml ± 7.5 SD]. They were examined with blood chemistry including serum cholesterol (CHL), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins, triacylglycerol (TAG), serum fibrinogen (FB), CRP and serum fasting glucose (SFG), serum testosterone, free testosterone at baseline, and after 12 months of ADT. RESULTS:Patients after 12 months of ADT (study group) had significantly higher overall serum CHL (p < 0.001), higher LDL (p = 0.01), higher FB (p < 0.001), higher serum SFG (p = 0.03) in comparison with the control group. Increase in HDL (p = 0.245) and CRP (p = 0.1) was not significant. Two patients from the study group were diagnosed with new-onset diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study that demonstrates the significant increase in FB in PCa patients on ADT, while CRP as inflammatory marker did not increase. Elevation of SF may contribute to increased CVR in PCa patients. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm this association.
Authors: J C Smith; S Bennett; L M Evans; H G Kynaston; M Parmar; M D Mason; J R Cockcroft; M F Scanlon; J S Davies Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2001-09 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: Michel Bolla; Laurence Collette; Léo Blank; Padraig Warde; Jean Bernard Dubois; René-Olivier Mirimanoff; Guy Storme; Jacques Bernier; Abraham Kuten; Cora Sternberg; Johan Mattelaer; José Lopez Torecilla; J Rafael Pfeffer; Carmel Lino Cutajar; Alfredo Zurlo; Marianne Pierart Journal: Lancet Date: 2002-07-13 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: H J Green; K I Pakenham; B C Headley; J Yaxley; D L Nicol; P N Mactaggart; C E Swanson; R B Watson; R A Gardiner Journal: BJU Int Date: 2004-05 Impact factor: 5.588
Authors: Farhana Haseen; Liam J Murray; Chris R Cardwell; Joe M O'Sullivan; Marie M Cantwell Journal: J Cancer Surviv Date: 2010-01-21 Impact factor: 4.442
Authors: Catherine M Tangen; James R Faulkner; E David Crawford; Ian M Thompson; Daisaku Hirano; Mario Eisenberger; Maha Hussain Journal: Clin Prostate Cancer Date: 2003-06
Authors: Harmanpreet Kaur; D Robert Siemens; Angela Black; Sylvia Robb; Spencer Barr; Charles H Graham; Maha Othman Journal: Can Urol Assoc J Date: 2017 Jan-Feb Impact factor: 1.862
Authors: Y Wang; W Yin; Z Wang; J Huang; J Pan; Y Zhu; F Xu; X Shao; J Sha; Y Cai; Q Liu; B Dong; W Xue; Y Huang Journal: Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis Date: 2016-03-08 Impact factor: 5.554
Authors: Paul L Nguyen; Petr Jarolim; Shehzad Basaria; Jonah P Zuflacht; Jessica Milian; Samoneh Kadivar; Powell L Graham; Andrew Hyatt; Philip W Kantoff; Joshua A Beckman Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2015-04-20 Impact factor: 5.501
Authors: Edyta Wolny-Rokicka; Andrzej Tukiendorf; Jerzy Wydmański; Małgorzata Ostrowska; Agnieszka Zembroń-Łacny Journal: Am J Mens Health Date: 2019 Sep-Oct