Employing electrostatic self-assembly of tailored nickel sulfide nanoparticles for quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells with Pt-free counter electrodes.

A low cost, low-temperature processable, highly efficient nickel sulfide counter electrode is demonstrated. Using the tailored, preformed nickel sulfide nanoparticles and electrostatic self-assembly, a novel counter electrode was fabricated that exceeded the efficiency of a conventional Pt-based cell.