Comparison of speaking fundamental frequency in English and Mandarin.

To determine if the speaking fundamental frequency (F0) profiles of English and Mandarin differ, a variety of voice samples from male and female speakers were compared. The two languages' F0 profiles were sometimes found to differ, but these differences depended on the particular speech samples being compared. Most notably, the physiological F0 ranges of the speakers, determined from tone sweeps, hardly differed between the two languages, indicating that the English and Mandarin speakers' voices are comparable. Their use of F0 in single-word utterances was, however, quite different, with the Mandarin speakers having higher maximums and means, and larger ranges, even when only the Mandarin high falling tone was compared with English. In contrast, for a prose passage, the two languages were more similar, differing only in the mean F0, Mandarin again being higher. The study thus contributes to the growing literature showing that languages can differ in their F0 profile, but highlights the fact that the choice of speech materials to compare can be critical.