BACKGROUND: Haemorrhage remains a complication of flexible bronchoscopy. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to measure the actual blood loss in patients at low risk of bleeding and to assess its association with the underlying pulmonary pathology, superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, procedure(s) performed and laboratory values. METHODS: We screened all patients scheduled for flexible bronchoscopy and enrolled 234 subjects over 18 months. Subjects with a history of haemorrhagic tendency, platelets <20 × 10(3)/µl, a history of anti-coagulation or anti-platelet therapy and a history or clinical evidence of liver failure were excluded. Blood loss during the procedure was measured from aspirated secretions with a haemoglobin detector and categorised into minimal (<5 ml), mild (5-20 ml), moderate (20-100 ml) and severe bleeding (>100 ml). RESULTS: Overall, 210 subjects had minimal, 19 had mild and 5 had moderate bleeding. No subject experienced severe blood loss. Patients with SVC syndrome had the highest mean blood loss (6.0 ml) when compared to bronchogenic carcinoma without SVC syndrome (p = 0.033) and other diagnosis (p = 0.026). The blood loss with trans-bronchial needle aspiration (TBNA, mean 3.4 ml) was significantly less than with TBNA combined with endobronchial or transbronchial biopsy (mean 5.0 ml, p < 0.001). Anaemia, a platelet count of 25-155 × 10(3)/µl and an international normalized ratio of >1.3 were not associated with an increased risk of bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: We found no severe bleeding in this cohort preselected to have a low clinical risk of bleeding. Moreover, our data suggest that clinical screening and a platelet count ≥20 × 10(3)/µl alone may be sufficient to identify low-risk patients.
BACKGROUND:Haemorrhage remains a complication of flexible bronchoscopy. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to measure the actual blood loss in patients at low risk of bleeding and to assess its association with the underlying pulmonary pathology, superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome, procedure(s) performed and laboratory values. METHODS: We screened all patients scheduled for flexible bronchoscopy and enrolled 234 subjects over 18 months. Subjects with a history of haemorrhagic tendency, platelets <20 × 10(3)/µl, a history of anti-coagulation or anti-platelet therapy and a history or clinical evidence of liver failure were excluded. Blood loss during the procedure was measured from aspirated secretions with a haemoglobin detector and categorised into minimal (<5 ml), mild (5-20 ml), moderate (20-100 ml) and severe bleeding (>100 ml). RESULTS: Overall, 210 subjects had minimal, 19 had mild and 5 had moderate bleeding. No subject experienced severe blood loss. Patients with SVC syndrome had the highest mean blood loss (6.0 ml) when compared to bronchogenic carcinoma without SVC syndrome (p = 0.033) and other diagnosis (p = 0.026). The blood loss with trans-bronchial needle aspiration (TBNA, mean 3.4 ml) was significantly less than with TBNA combined with endobronchial or transbronchial biopsy (mean 5.0 ml, p < 0.001). Anaemia, a platelet count of 25-155 × 10(3)/µl and an international normalized ratio of >1.3 were not associated with an increased risk of bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: We found no severe bleeding in this cohort preselected to have a low clinical risk of bleeding. Moreover, our data suggest that clinical screening and a platelet count ≥20 × 10(3)/µl alone may be sufficient to identify low-risk patients.
Authors: Erik E Folch; Amit K Mahajan; Catherine L Oberg; Fabien Maldonado; Eric Toloza; William S Krimsky; Scott Oh; Mark R Bowling; Sadia Benzaquen; Charles M Kinsey; Atul C Mehta; Sebastian Fernandez-Bussy; Javier Flandes; Kelvin Lau; Ganesh Krishna; Michael A Nead; Felix Herth; Alejandro A Aragaki-Nakahodo; Emanuela Barisione; Sandeep Bansal; Dragos Zanchi; Michael Zgoda; Peter O Lutz; Robert J Lentz; Christopher Parks; Mario Salio; Kenneth Perret; Colleen Keyes; Gregory P LeMense; John D Hinze; Adnan Majid; Merete Christensen; Jordan Kazakov; Gonzalo Labarca; Ernest Waller; Michael Studnicka; Catalina V Teba; Sandeep J Khandhar Journal: Chest Date: 2020-02-14 Impact factor: 9.410
Authors: K de Heer; M G M Kok; N Fens; E J M Weersink; A H Zwinderman; M P C van der Schee; C E Visser; M H J van Oers; P J Sterk Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2015-12-16 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: Maurizio Bernasconi; Coenraad F N Koegelenberg; Angela Koutsokera; Adam Ogna; Alessio Casutt; Laurent Nicod; Alban Lovis Journal: ERJ Open Res Date: 2017-06-21
Authors: Ann T MacIntyre; Alex Hirst; Radha Duttagupta; Desiree Hollemon; David K Hong; Timothy A Blauwkamp Journal: Appl Health Econ Health Policy Date: 2020-09-17 Impact factor: 2.561