Endoscopic-assisted treatment of trigonocephaly.

Minimally invasive, endoscopic repair of metopic craniosynostosis has emerged as a potentially efficacious, safe, and aesthetically acceptable alternative to open procedures. Potential advantages of an early endoscopic approach to repair metopic craniosynostosis include a reduction in blood loss and consequent decreases in transfusion volumes, decreased hospital costs, shorter operative times, and limited duration of hospitalization. Other benefits of minimally invasive techniques would be avoidance of anaesthetic surgical scarring, decrease in postoperative swelling and discomfort, and lower rate of complications such as duramater tears, postoperative hyperthermia, or infection. However, a concern is usually raised about the achievements of the "endoscopic" techniques when compared to "standard" open approaches. The indications for endoscopic-assisted surgery in the treatment of trigonocephaly remain controversial and further series and follow-up of these patients are necessary to set up the role of these approaches.