OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the amount, type, and patterns of television viewing predict the onset or the persistence of externalizing problems in preschool children. DESIGN: Longitudinal study of a prospective population-based cohort in the Netherlands. SETTING: Parents reported time of television exposure and type of programs watched by children. Externalizing problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist at 18 and 36 months. PARTICIPANTS: A population-based sample of 3913 children. MAIN EXPOSURE: Television viewing time, content, and patterns of exposure (at 24 and 36 months) in children with and without preexisting problems to assess the incidence and persistence of externalizing problems. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Externalizing problems at 36 months. RESULTS: Program content and time of television exposure assessed at 24 months did not predict the incidence of externalizing problems at 36 months (odds ratio, 2.24; 95% CI, 0.97-5.18). However, the patterns of exposure over time reflecting high levels of television viewing were associated with the incidence of externalizing problems (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.07-3.75) and the persistence of the preexisting externalizing problems (2.59; 1.03-6.55). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that high television exposure increases the risk of the incidence and the persistence of externalizing problems in preschool children.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the amount, type, and patterns of television viewing predict the onset or the persistence of externalizing problems in preschool children. DESIGN: Longitudinal study of a prospective population-based cohort in the Netherlands. SETTING: Parents reported time of television exposure and type of programs watched by children. Externalizing problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist at 18 and 36 months. PARTICIPANTS: A population-based sample of 3913 children. MAIN EXPOSURE: Television viewing time, content, and patterns of exposure (at 24 and 36 months) in children with and without preexisting problems to assess the incidence and persistence of externalizing problems. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Externalizing problems at 36 months. RESULTS: Program content and time of television exposure assessed at 24 months did not predict the incidence of externalizing problems at 36 months (odds ratio, 2.24; 95% CI, 0.97-5.18). However, the patterns of exposure over time reflecting high levels of television viewing were associated with the incidence of externalizing problems (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.07-3.75) and the persistence of the preexisting externalizing problems (2.59; 1.03-6.55). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that high television exposure increases the risk of the incidence and the persistence of externalizing problems in preschool children.
Authors: Tiffany G Munzer; Alison L Miller; Karen E Peterson; Holly E Brophy-Herb; Mildred A Horodynski; Dawn Contreras; Julie Sturza; Julie C Lumeng; Jenny Radesky Journal: J Dev Behav Pediatr Date: 2018-05 Impact factor: 2.225
Authors: Tanja Poulain; Juliane Ludwig; Andreas Hiemisch; Anja Hilbert; Wieland Kiess Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2019-11-22 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Marina Verlinden; Henning Tiemeier; René Veenstra; Cathelijne L Mieloo; Wilma Jansen; Vincent W V Jaddoe; Hein Raat; Albert Hofman; Frank C Verhulst; Pauline W Jansen Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2014-02-12 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Si Ning Goh; Long Hua Teh; Wei Rong Tay; Saradha Anantharaman; Rob M van Dam; Chuen Seng Tan; Hwee Ling Chua; Pey Gein Wong; Falk Müller-Riemenschneider Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2016-01-25 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Veronica J Poitras; Casey E Gray; Xanne Janssen; Salome Aubert; Valerie Carson; Guy Faulkner; Gary S Goldfield; John J Reilly; Margaret Sampson; Mark S Tremblay Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2017-11-20 Impact factor: 3.295