PURPOSE: Our study assesses the relationships between self-reported adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) (including sexual, physical, or verbal abuse, along with household dysfunction including parental separation or divorce, domestic violence, mental illness, substance abuse, or incarcerated household member) and unemployment status in five US states in 2009. METHODS: We examined these relationships using the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor surveillance system survey data from 17,469 respondents (aged 18-64 years) who resided in five states, completed the ACE Questionnaire, and provided socio-demographic and social support information. We also assessed the mediation of these relationships by respondents' educational attainment, marital status, and social support. RESULTS: About two-third of respondents reported having had at least one ACEs, while 15.1% of men and 19.3% of women reported having had ≥4 ACEs. Among both men and women, the unemployment rate in 2009 was significantly higher among those who reported having had any ACE than among those who reported no ACEs (p < 0.05). Educational attainment, marital status, and social support mediated the relationship between ACEs and unemployment, particularly among women. CONCLUSIONS: ACEs appear to be associated with increased risk for unemployment among men and women. Further studies may be needed to better understand how education, marital status, and social support mediate the association between multiple ACEs and unemployment.
PURPOSE: Our study assesses the relationships between self-reported adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) (including sexual, physical, or verbal abuse, along with household dysfunction including parental separation or divorce, domestic violence, mental illness, substance abuse, or incarcerated household member) and unemployment status in five US states in 2009. METHODS: We examined these relationships using the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor surveillance system survey data from 17,469 respondents (aged 18-64 years) who resided in five states, completed the ACE Questionnaire, and provided socio-demographic and social support information. We also assessed the mediation of these relationships by respondents' educational attainment, marital status, and social support. RESULTS: About two-third of respondents reported having had at least one ACEs, while 15.1% of men and 19.3% of women reported having had ≥4 ACEs. Among both men and women, the unemployment rate in 2009 was significantly higher among those who reported having had any ACE than among those who reported no ACEs (p < 0.05). Educational attainment, marital status, and social support mediated the relationship between ACEs and unemployment, particularly among women. CONCLUSIONS: ACEs appear to be associated with increased risk for unemployment among men and women. Further studies may be needed to better understand how education, marital status, and social support mediate the association between multiple ACEs and unemployment.
Authors: Maxia Dong; Wayne H Giles; Vincent J Felitti; Shanta R Dube; Janice E Williams; Daniel P Chapman; Robert F Anda Journal: Circulation Date: 2004-09-20 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Robert F Anda; Vincent J Felitti; J Douglas Bremner; John D Walker; Charles Whitfield; Bruce D Perry; Shanta R Dube; Wayne H Giles Journal: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Date: 2005-11-29 Impact factor: 5.270
Authors: Daniel P Chapman; Charles L Whitfield; Vincent J Felitti; Shanta R Dube; Valerie J Edwards; Robert F Anda Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2004-10-15 Impact factor: 4.839
Authors: Karoliina Harkonmäki; Katariina Korkeila; Jussi Vahtera; Mika Kivimäki; Sakari Suominen; Lauri Sillanmäki; Markku Koskenvuo Journal: J Epidemiol Community Health Date: 2007-06 Impact factor: 3.710
Authors: Steven A Sumner; James A Mercy; Robert Buluma; Mary W Mwangi; Louis H Marcelin; They Kheam; Veronica Lea; Kathryn Brookmeyer; Howard Kress; Susan D Hillis Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2016-04-18 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Dawn M Holman; Katie A Ports; Natasha D Buchanan; Nikki A Hawkins; Melissa T Merrick; Marilyn Metzler; Katrina F Trivers Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2016-11 Impact factor: 7.124