[Relapse in cocaine addiction: a review].

Relapse remains a common problem in disorders related to cocaine use. The aim of this paper is to review recent research data on the variables and factors related to relapse in cocaine-dependent individuals. We carried out a systematic search for studies including variables related to cocaine use in some of the most important national and international databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, The Cochrane Library, IME and ISOC. To locate the latest research data, the search covered the period January 2000 to July 2011. Many and varied factors and variables identified with some predictive power were identified, notably psychosocial problems, negative emotional states, anxiety, self-efficacy, psychopathological comorbidity, addictive severity, and several variables related to the treatment process. Knowledge about the relapse process has increased considerably in recent years, but although the influence of certain factors on relapse in cocaine use now seems clear, specific research is still scarce and inconclusive.