Kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption for Cd on green manufactured nano-particles.

Magnetic nano-particles CuFe(2)O(4) were successful manufactured from industrial sludge by combination of acid leaching, chemical exchange, and ferrite process. For the first time these recycled nano-particles were used as adsorbent to investigate the kinetics and thermodynamics for adsorption of Cd in aqueous solutions. These experimental results showed that Cd(2+) adsorption efficiency increased from 0.85 to 99.9% when pH increased from 2 to 6. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(2+) was found to be 17.54 mg g(-1) under the conditions at pH 6.0, contact time 30 min, and temperature 318 K. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides the best correlation with the experimental data compared to the pseudo-first-order model. The Langmuir model yields a better fitting than the Freundlich model for Cd(2+) adsorption on CuFe(2)O(4) nano-particles under investigated temperatures. The thermodynamic constants of the adsorption process were evaluated, ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° is -6.05 kJ mol(-1) (at 318 K), 0.71 kJ mol(-1), and 4.53 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively. These results imply that Cd(2+) adsorption onto CuFe(2)O(4) is feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Crown