Self-assembled monolayers with dynamicity stemming from (bio)chemical conversions: from construction to application.

Surfaces with "dynamicity" whereby surface properties can be modulated by an external stimulus on user demand have been actively exploited for the past decade. These switchable surfaces with dynamic properties are widely used for a number of applications such as micro/nanoarrays, biomolecule immobilization, basic cell studies, and tissue engineering on a variety of materials. This minireview highlights the dynamic control of surface properties on self-assembled monolayers and focuses on dynamicity that stems from (bio)chemical conversions achieved by electrical potentials, photoillumination, chemical reagents, enzymes, and pH.