Nanoparticle self-assembled hollow TiO2 spheres with well matching visible light scattering for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells.

Submicrometer-sized hollow TiO(2) spheres are directly self-assembled from TiO(2) nanoparticles without using any template or surfactant as a scattering layer for dye-sensitized solar cells, showing good visible light scattering match to significantly improve the photoconversion efficiency.