Intestinal hemodynamics and oxygenation in the perinatal period.

The neonatal gastrointestinal tract is a site of intense anabolic and metabolic activity, as it is responsible for the assimilation of nutritional intake and exhibits accelerated growth shortly after birth. The hypermetabolic state of the gastrointestinal tract requires sufficient blood flow and oxygen delivery to sustain adequate oxygen consumption to meet these metabolic needs. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanisms regulating intestinal vascular perfusion in the normal state and during pathophysiological conditions in the perinatal period is important to elucidate potential contributions to the development of intestinal pathologies in the neonate. The goal of this review is to summarize the available literature on the regulation of intestinal blood flow and oxygenation in the fetus and newborn in normal states and during pathological stress.