Simultaneous determination of saponins and a flavonoid from aerial parts of Zygophyllum coccineum L.

Triterpenoid saponins are a class of glycosides with a wide range of bioactivities, which make them interesting research candidates. Zygophyllum coccineum is an Egyptian desert plant rich in triterpenoid saponins. Reviewing the relevant literature, no data concerning the HPLC or ultra-performance LC (UPLC) analysis of Zygophyllum content were found. This paper presents two methods, HPLC-UV and UPLC-UV-evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD)/MS, for the simultaneous determination of 10 compounds in the alcohol extract of Z. coccineum. The HPLC method uses a C18 column and water-acetonitrile (both containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) gradient system. The separation was achieved within 32 min. The developed UPLC method simultaneously detects and quantifies the 10 compounds using an Acquity UPLC BEH Shield RP18 column and reagent alcohol-acetonitrile (80/20, v/v) and water (both containing 0.5% formic acid) gradient system within 14 min with UV, ELS, and MS detectors. The methods were used to analyze another species, Z. simplex, and results revealed a great variation between the secondary metabolite pattern of both species.