The neuro-ophthalmology of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the quintessential neurologic disorder from which to understand the principles of afferent and efferent neuro-ophthalmology. Perhaps with the exception of stroke, no other disorder is associated with nearly every sign and symptom of abnormalities targeting the visual system and the ocular motor apparatus. This focused review will underscore the most common syndromes and their derivative signs and symptoms that affect vision as a consequence of MS.