Jennifer A Frontera1. 1. Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1136, New York, NY 10029, USA. Jennifer.Frontera@mountsinai.org
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article summarizes the most common etiologies and approaches to management of metabolic encephalopathy. RECENT FINDINGS: Metabolic encephalopathy is a frequent occurrence in the intensive care unit setting. Common etiologies include hepatic failure, renal failure, sepsis, electrolyte disarray, and Wernicke encephalopathy. Current treatment paradigms typically focus on supportive care and management of the underlying etiology. Directed therapies that target neurochemical and neurotransmitter pathways that mediate encephalopathy are not currently available and represent an important area for future research. Although commonly thought of as reversible neurologic insults, delirium and encephalopathy have been associated with increased mortality, prolonged length of stay and hospital complications, and worse long-term cognitive and functional outcomes. SUMMARY: Recognition and treatment of encephalopathy is critical to improving outcomes in critically ill patients.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article summarizes the most common etiologies and approaches to management of metabolic encephalopathy. RECENT FINDINGS: Metabolic encephalopathy is a frequent occurrence in the intensive care unit setting. Common etiologies include hepatic failure, renal failure, sepsis, electrolyte disarray, and Wernicke encephalopathy. Current treatment paradigms typically focus on supportive care and management of the underlying etiology. Directed therapies that target neurochemical and neurotransmitter pathways that mediate encephalopathy are not currently available and represent an important area for future research. Although commonly thought of as reversible neurologic insults, delirium and encephalopathy have been associated with increased mortality, prolonged length of stay and hospital complications, and worse long-term cognitive and functional outcomes. SUMMARY: Recognition and treatment of encephalopathy is critical to improving outcomes in critically illpatients.
Authors: Jennifer A Frontera; Allal Boutajangout; Arjun V Masurkar; Rebecca A Betensky; Yulin Ge; Alok Vedvyas; Ludovic Debure; Andre Moreira; Ariane Lewis; Joshua Huang; Sujata Thawani; Laura Balcer; Steven Galetta; Thomas Wisniewski Journal: Alzheimers Dement Date: 2022-01-13 Impact factor: 16.655
Authors: Olivia Swain; Sofia K Romano; Ritika Miryala; Jocelyn Tsai; Vinnie Parikh; George K E Umanah Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2021-06-23 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Jennifer A Frontera; Kara Melmed; Taolin Fang; Andre Granger; Jessica Lin; Shadi Yaghi; Ting Zhou; Ariane Lewis; Sebastian Kurz; D Ethan Kahn; Adam de Havenon; Joshua Huang; Barry M Czeisler; Aaron Lord; Sharon B Meropol; Andrea B Troxel; Thomas Wisniewski; Laura Balcer; Steven Galetta Journal: Neurocrit Care Date: 2021-03-16 Impact factor: 3.210