Graft outcomes in pediatric kidney transplantation: focus on the role of race.

While significant racial disparities in graft outcome persist among adult and pediatric kidney transplant recipients in the US, some international studies do not show these differences. The aim of this study is to examine predictors of graft outcomes and the impact of race in our pediatric kidney transplant cohort. Records of 109 pediatric kidney transplant recipients performed at our institution between 7/99 and 4/07 were studied. Patients were grouped based on race: African-American (AA) vs. non-AA. Fifty-five AA (12 ± 5 years) and 54 non-AA patients (11 ± 6 years) were studied. There were more females, pre-emptive transplants and living donors in the non-AAs. Survival analysis showed significantly higher rejection rates in AAs, P = 0.02, and lower unadjusted graft survival (P = 0.09). Cox Proportional Hazards Survival Regression Analysis revealed biopsy-proven acute rejection and delayed graft function contributed to worse graft survival, while pre-emptive transplantation had a favorable effect. Race was not an independent risk factor for decreased graft survival in the final model. In conclusion, our cohort showed several modifiable risk factors that can partially account for poorer graft survival in pediatric AA kidney transplant recipients.