E V Kane1, E Roman2, N Becker3, L Bernstein4, P Boffetta5, P M Bracci6, J R Cerhan7, B C-H Chiu8, P Cocco9, L Costas10, L Foretova11, E A Holly6, C La Vecchia12, K Matsuo13, M Maynadie14, S Sanjose15, J J Spinelli16, A Staines17, R Talamini18, S S Wang4, Y Zhang19, T Zheng19, A Kricker20. 1. Epidemiology and Genetics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK. Electronic address: eleanor.kane@egu.york.ac.uk. 2. Epidemiology and Genetics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK. 3. Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. 4. Division of Cancer Etiology, Department of Population Sciences, Beckham Research Institute of the City of Hope Duarte, USA. 5. Institute for Translational Epidemiology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA; International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France. 6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco. 7. Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester. 8. Division of Biological Sciences, Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA. 9. Occupational Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy. 10. Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain. 11. Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic. 12. Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri' and Department of Occupational Medicine, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. 13. Aichi Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Nagoya, Japan. 14. Registre des Hemopathies Malignes de Cote d'Or, EA 4184, Faculte de Medecine de Dijon, Dijon, France. 15. Unit of Infections and Cancer (UNIC), Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, CIBERESP, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain. 16. Cancer Control Research Program, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 17. School of Public Health, Public Health University College, Dublin, Ireland. 18. Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy. 19. Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, USA. 20. Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The two most common forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) exhibit different sex ratios: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) occurs more frequently in men and follicular lymphoma (FL) more frequently in women. Looking among women alone, this pooled analysis explores the relationship between reproductive histories and these cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Self-reported reproductive histories from 4263 women with NHL and 5971 women without NHL were pooled across 18 case-control studies (1983-2005) from North America, Europe and Japan. Study-specific odd ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression and pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Associations with reproductive factors were found for FL rather than NHL overall and DLBCL. In particular, the risk of FL decreased with increasing number of pregnancies (pooled OR(trend) = 0.88, 95% CI 0.81-0.96). FL was associated with hormonal contraception (pooled OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.63), and risks were increased when use started after the age of 21, was used for <5 years or stopped for >20 years before diagnosis. DLBCL, on the other hand, was not associated with hormonal contraception (pooled OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.65-1.16). CONCLUSIONS: Hormonal contraception is associated with an increased risk of FL but not of DLBCL or NHL overall.
BACKGROUND: The two most common forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) exhibit different sex ratios: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) occurs more frequently in men and follicular lymphoma (FL) more frequently in women. Looking among women alone, this pooled analysis explores the relationship between reproductive histories and these cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Self-reported reproductive histories from 4263 women with NHL and 5971 women without NHL were pooled across 18 case-control studies (1983-2005) from North America, Europe and Japan. Study-specific odd ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression and pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Associations with reproductive factors were found for FL rather than NHL overall and DLBCL. In particular, the risk of FL decreased with increasing number of pregnancies (pooled OR(trend) = 0.88, 95% CI 0.81-0.96). FL was associated with hormonal contraception (pooled OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.04-1.63), and risks were increased when use started after the age of 21, was used for <5 years or stopped for >20 years before diagnosis. DLBCL, on the other hand, was not associated with hormonal contraception (pooled OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.65-1.16). CONCLUSIONS: Hormonal contraception is associated with an increased risk of FL but not of DLBCL or NHL overall.
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Authors: James R Cerhan; Anne Kricker; Ora Paltiel; Christopher R Flowers; Sophia S Wang; Alain Monnereau; Aaron Blair; Luigino Dal Maso; Eleanor V Kane; Alexandra Nieters; James M Foran; Lucia Miligi; Jacqueline Clavel; Leslie Bernstein; Nathaniel Rothman; Susan L Slager; Joshua N Sampson; Lindsay M Morton; Christine F Skibola Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr Date: 2014-08
Authors: Lindsay M Morton; Joshua N Sampson; James R Cerhan; Jennifer J Turner; Claire M Vajdic; Sophia S Wang; Karin E Smedby; Silvia de Sanjosé; Alain Monnereau; Yolanda Benavente; Paige M Bracci; Brian C H Chiu; Christine F Skibola; Yawei Zhang; Sam M Mbulaiteye; Michael Spriggs; Dennis Robinson; Aaron D Norman; Eleanor V Kane; John J Spinelli; Jennifer L Kelly; Carlo La Vecchia; Luigino Dal Maso; Marc Maynadié; Marshall E Kadin; Pierluigi Cocco; Adele Seniori Costantini; Christina A Clarke; Eve Roman; Lucia Miligi; Joanne S Colt; Sonja I Berndt; Andrea Mannetje; Anneclaire J de Roos; Anne Kricker; Alexandra Nieters; Silvia Franceschi; Mads Melbye; Paolo Boffetta; Jacqueline Clavel; Martha S Linet; Dennis D Weisenburger; Susan L Slager Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr Date: 2014-08
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Authors: Lindsay M Morton; Susan L Slager; James R Cerhan; Sophia S Wang; Claire M Vajdic; Christine F Skibola; Paige M Bracci; Silvia de Sanjosé; Karin E Smedby; Brian C H Chiu; Yawei Zhang; Sam M Mbulaiteye; Alain Monnereau; Jennifer J Turner; Jacqueline Clavel; Hans-Olov Adami; Ellen T Chang; Bengt Glimelius; Henrik Hjalgrim; Mads Melbye; Paolo Crosignani; Simonetta di Lollo; Lucia Miligi; Oriana Nanni; Valerio Ramazzotti; Stefania Rodella; Adele Seniori Costantini; Emanuele Stagnaro; Rosario Tumino; Carla Vindigni; Paolo Vineis; Nikolaus Becker; Yolanda Benavente; Paolo Boffetta; Paul Brennan; Pierluigi Cocco; Lenka Foretova; Marc Maynadié; Alexandra Nieters; Anthony Staines; Joanne S Colt; Wendy Cozen; Scott Davis; Anneclaire J de Roos; Patricia Hartge; Nathaniel Rothman; Richard K Severson; Elizabeth A Holly; Timothy G Call; Andrew L Feldman; Thomas M Habermann; Mark Liebow; Aaron Blair; Kenneth P Cantor; Eleanor V Kane; Tracy Lightfoot; Eve Roman; Alex Smith; Angela Brooks-Wilson; Joseph M Connors; Randy D Gascoyne; John J Spinelli; Bruce K Armstrong; Anne Kricker; Theodore R Holford; Qing Lan; Tongzhang Zheng; Laurent Orsi; Luigino Dal Maso; Silvia Franceschi; Carlo La Vecchia; Eva Negri; Diego Serraino; Leslie Bernstein; Alexandra Levine; Jonathan W Friedberg; Jennifer L Kelly; Sonja I Berndt; Brenda M Birmann; Christina A Clarke; Christopher R Flowers; James M Foran; Marshall E Kadin; Ora Paltiel; Dennis D Weisenburger; Martha S Linet; Joshua N Sampson Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr Date: 2014-08