Type I allergic reactions of the middle ear and eustachian tube: an experimental study.

To clarify the role of type I allergic reactions in etiology and pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion and to determine whether or not the middle ear is an allergic "shock" organ, we made animal models of nasal allergy in guinea pigs by passive sensitization with serum of homologous animals containing specific IgE antibodies. We also examined the eustachian tube, tympanic cavity (histologically), and tubal function after the induction of type I allergic reactions of the nose. However, the involvement of histologic changes was limited only up to the area near the pharyngeal orifice. The tubal dysfunction evoked by nasal allergic reactions was transient, culminating in no middle ear effusion. Upon direct antigen-challenge into the tympanic cavity, allergic changes were observed in the mucosa lining the tympanic bulla, even though no microscopic effusion was present. Findings of the present study suggest that type I allergic reactions of the nose are not an etiologic factor for otitis media with effusion, although the middle ear is potentially an allergic shock organ.