Near-infrared orientation of Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus.

Light plays a pivotal role in animal orientation. Aquatic animals face the problem that penetration of light in water is restricted through high attenuation which limits the use of visual cues. In pure water, blue and green light penetrates considerably deeper than red and infrared spectral components. Submicroscopic particles and coloured dissolved organic matter, however, may cause increased scattering and absorption of short-wave components of the solar spectrum, resulting in a relative increase of red and infrared illumination. Here we investigated the potential of near-infrared (NIR) light as a cue for swimming orientation of the African cichlid fish (Cichlidae) Oreochromis mossambicus. A high-throughput semi-automated video tracking assay was used to analyse innate behavioural NIR-sensitivity. Fish revealed a strong preference to swim in the direction of NIR light of a spectral range of 850-950nm at an irradiance similar to values typical of natural surface waters. Our study demonstrates the ability of teleost fish to sense NIR and use it for phototactic swimming orientation.