Plasma heart-type fatty acid binding protein level in acute ischemic stroke: comparative analysis with plasma S100B level for diagnosis of stroke and prediction of long-term clinical outcome.

OBJECTIVES: Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) is enriched in neuronal cell body as well as myocardium, and is rapidly released from damaged neuron into circulation in cerebral ischemia. We performed a comparative analysis between plasma H-FABP and S100B levels in the acute phase of ischemic stroke.
METHODS: The present study included 111 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke and 127 control subjects. Measurement of plasma H-FABP and S100B levels was conducted during acute phase (<24 h) of stroke. Clinical severities were evaluated by the use of NIHSS scores at admission and mRS score at 3 months after symptom onset.
RESULTS: Both the plasma H-FABP and S100B levels were significantly higher in stroke group than control group. In multiple logistic regression analysis, statistical significance of both markers remained significant after adjusting the vascular risk factors. In the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, neither H-FABP (area under curve [AUC]=0.71, P<0.001, sensitivity: 59.5%, specificity: 79.5%) nor S100B (AUC=0.70, P<0.001, sensitivity: 54.0%, specificity: 83.5%) showed a favorable degree of diagnostic value to discriminate stroke from stroke mimic. Plasma H-FABP (r=0.46, P<0.01) and S100B (r=0.45, P<0.01) were correlated with initial NIHSS score, and both marker were significantly higher in patients with poor clinical outcome.
CONCLUSION: Although plasma H-FABP is elevated in the acute phase of ischemic stroke, the diagnostic accuracy of H-FABP as a sole marker is not sufficient to be applied in the clinical setting. Plasma H-FABP can be used as a potential marker for stroke prognosis.