Multiple sclerosis and progressive resistance training: a systematic review.

Recently progressive resistance training (PRT) has been recognised as an effective tool in the rehabilitation of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature of PRT studies for persons with MS. A comprehensive literature search (PubMed, SveMed+, Embase, Cochrane, PEDro, SPORTDiscus and Bibliotek.dk) was conducted. Identified papers were rated according to the PEDro-scale. Sixteen studies were included and scored between 3 and 8 of 11 total points on the PEDro-scale, showing a general lack of blinding. Strong evidence regarding the beneficial effect of PRT on muscle strength was observed. Regarding functional capacity, balance and self-reported measures (fatigue, quality of life and mood) evidence is less strong, but the tendency is overall positive. Indications of an effect on underlying mechanisms such as muscle morphological changes, neural adaptations and cytokines also exist, but the studies investigating these aspects are few and inconclusive. PRT has a positive effect on muscle strength for persons with MS. Heterogeneous results exist regarding the effect on functional capacity and self-reported measures probably because of differences in training protocols, samples sizes, type and severity of MS. The area of underlying mechanisms deserves more attention in future research.