BACKGROUND: Most of the hyaluronic acid (HA)-based dermal fillers currently on the market are chemically modified with cross-linkers to improve the mechanical properties and duration in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences in the properties of dermal fillers that can be related to the respective cross-linking and manufacturing methods used. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirteen commercially available HA fillers were analyzed. Two different measures of gel strength were used: the elastic modulus (G') determined by rheology and a measure of the swelling capacity of the gel (c(min)). The degree of modification was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the cross-linking ratio was determined using size exclusion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. RESULTS: There was a wide variation in gel strength, and the degree of modification varied between 1% and 8% for the HA fillers investigated. CONCLUSIONS: Both measures of gel strength, G* and c(min), can be used because the results from the two methods are well correlated. No differentiation in filler properties could be seen as a result of manufacturing process used, except that the nonanimal stabilized HA stabilization process resulted in products with high gel strength and a low degree of modification.
BACKGROUND: Most of the hyaluronic acid (HA)-based dermal fillers currently on the market are chemically modified with cross-linkers to improve the mechanical properties and duration in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences in the properties of dermal fillers that can be related to the respective cross-linking and manufacturing methods used. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirteen commercially available HA fillers were analyzed. Two different measures of gel strength were used: the elastic modulus (G') determined by rheology and a measure of the swelling capacity of the gel (c(min)). The degree of modification was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the cross-linking ratio was determined using size exclusion chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. RESULTS: There was a wide variation in gel strength, and the degree of modification varied between 1% and 8% for the HA fillers investigated. CONCLUSIONS: Both measures of gel strength, G* and c(min), can be used because the results from the two methods are well correlated. No differentiation in filler properties could be seen as a result of manufacturing process used, except that the nonanimal stabilized HA stabilization process resulted in products with high gel strength and a low degree of modification.
Authors: Ka Man Carmen Chan; Randolph H Li; Joseph W Chapman; Eric M Trac; James B Kobler; Steven M Zeitels; Robert Langer; Sandeep S Karajanagi Journal: Acta Biomater Date: 2014-02-21 Impact factor: 8.947
Authors: Yuk Yin Li; Hua Jia Diao; Tze Kit Chik; Cin Ting Chow; Xiao Meng An; Victor Leung; Kenneth Man Chi Cheung; Barbara Pui Chan Journal: Tissue Eng Part A Date: 2014-02-06 Impact factor: 3.845
Authors: Gregor Cornelius Weber; Bettina Alexandra Buhren; Holger Schrumpf; Johannes Wohlrab; Peter Arne Gerber Journal: Adv Exp Med Biol Date: 2019 Impact factor: 2.622
Authors: Byung Wook Kim; Ik Jun Moon; Woo Jin Yun; Bo Young Chung; Sang Duck Kim; Ga-Young Lee; Sung Eun Chang Journal: Ann Dermatol Date: 2016-05-25 Impact factor: 1.444