Mesoporous silica nanoparticles carrier for urea: potential applications in agrochemical delivery systems.

Nanotechnology-based agrochemical delivery systems would ensure efficient and economical utilization of these very important agricultural inputs. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles with particle diameters of -150 nm and pore sizes of -2.5 nm were synthesized via liquid crystal templating mechanism. Urea, as a model agrochemical molecule, was entrapped in the mesopores of the siliceous material by simple immersion loading using aqueous urea solutions. About 15.5% (w/w) of urea was loaded inside the pores mainly by physisorption while the total adsorption capacity of mesoporous silica nanoparticles could reach up to 80% (w/w). Highly concentrated urea solution was found to be more effective due to high driving concentration gradient generated. Release process of the urea-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles in water and soil indicated a two stage sustained slow release-profile. The findings for soil release studies revealed at least fivefold improvement in the release period. By the ability to entrap urea guest molecules into its mesopores and release them in a controlled manner, mesoporous silica nanoparticles demonstrated its great potential as a nanocarrier for agrochemicals.