PURPOSE: To determine fat and fatty acid (FA) profile of Greek mother's milk during the first 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding and to examine their correlation with dietary and other maternal characteristics. METHODS: Milk samples and dietary records were obtained by mothers at 1st (n = 64), 3rd (n = 39), and 6th (n = 24) month postpartum. Fatty acid methylesters were separated and quantified by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and fat concentration by the creamatocrit method. RESULTS: At the 3 time points, milk fat concentration ranged between 26.3 and 30.2 g/l (p > 0.05). Milk's FA composition was expressed as weight percentage (% wt/wt of all FAs detected with a C6 to C22 chain length). Maternal macronutrient and FA dietary intake, as well as the FAs' profile in maternal milk, remained constant over the 6 months. Saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) represented approx. 46, 35, and 18 % of all FAs, while ω6 and ω3 PUFA were 17.4 and 0.8 %, respectively. Body weight gain during pregnancy was positively related to breast milk's concentration in SFA (p < 0.01) and negatively to milk's concentration in MUFA (p < 0.01). Age and parity were also independent factors affecting the FA profile in maternal milk. A strong positive effect was found during the first month postpartum, between mother's PUFA intake and the concentration of PUFA, ω3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and linoleic acid (LA) in the milk, while MUFA intake was strongly correlated with the concentration of PUFA, ω6 fatty acids, and LA. CONCLUSION: This study is among few in literature to determine FA profile of breast milk in European populations and verified certain dietary factors that influence this profile. Maternal PUFA and MUFA intake were found to be important factors affecting breast milk's FA profile.
PURPOSE: To determine fat and fatty acid (FA) profile of Greek mother's milk during the first 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding and to examine their correlation with dietary and other maternal characteristics. METHODS: Milk samples and dietary records were obtained by mothers at 1st (n = 64), 3rd (n = 39), and 6th (n = 24) month postpartum. Fatty acid methylesters were separated and quantified by gas chromatography (GC/FID) and fat concentration by the creamatocrit method. RESULTS: At the 3 time points, milk fat concentration ranged between 26.3 and 30.2 g/l (p > 0.05). Milk's FA composition was expressed as weight percentage (% wt/wt of all FAs detected with a C6 to C22 chain length). Maternal macronutrient and FA dietary intake, as well as the FAs' profile in maternal milk, remained constant over the 6 months. Saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) represented approx. 46, 35, and 18 % of all FAs, while ω6 and ω3 PUFA were 17.4 and 0.8 %, respectively. Body weight gain during pregnancy was positively related to breast milk's concentration in SFA (p < 0.01) and negatively to milk's concentration in MUFA (p < 0.01). Age and parity were also independent factors affecting the FA profile in maternal milk. A strong positive effect was found during the first month postpartum, between mother's PUFA intake and the concentration of PUFA, ω3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic and linoleic acid (LA) in the milk, while MUFA intake was strongly correlated with the concentration of PUFA, ω6 fatty acids, and LA. CONCLUSION: This study is among few in literature to determine FA profile of breast milk in European populations and verified certain dietary factors that influence this profile. Maternal PUFA and MUFA intake were found to be important factors affecting breast milk's FA profile.
Authors: M C Neville; J C Allen; P C Archer; C E Casey; J Seacat; R P Keller; V Lutes; J Rasbach; M Neifert Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 1991-07 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Isabelle Sioen; Lilou van Lieshout; Ans Eilander; Mathilde Fleith; Szimonetta Lohner; Alíz Szommer; Catarina Petisca; Simone Eussen; Stewart Forsyth; Philip C Calder; Cristina Campoy; Ronald P Mensink Journal: Ann Nutr Metab Date: 2017-02-11 Impact factor: 3.374
Authors: V Grote; E Verduci; S Scaglioni; F Vecchi; G Contarini; M Giovannini; B Koletzko; C Agostoni Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr Date: 2015-09-30 Impact factor: 4.016
Authors: Brian A Juber; Kristina Harris Jackson; Kristopher B Johnson; William S Harris; Michelle L Baack Journal: Int Breastfeed J Date: 2017-01-28 Impact factor: 3.461
Authors: Uma Nayak; Suman Kanungo; Dadong Zhang; E Ross Colgate; Marya P Carmolli; Ayan Dey; Masud Alam; Byomkesh Manna; Ranjan Kumar Nandy; Deok Ryun Kim; Dilip Kumar Paul; Saugato Choudhury; Sushama Sahoo; William S Harris; Thomas F Wierzba; Tahmeed Ahmed; Beth D Kirkpatrick; Rashidul Haque; William A Petri; Josyf C Mychaleckyj Journal: Matern Child Nutr Date: 2017-02-15 Impact factor: 3.092
Authors: Gabriela E Leghi; Merryn J Netting; Philippa F Middleton; Mary E Wlodek; Donna T Geddes; And Beverly S Muhlhausler Journal: Nutrients Date: 2020-03-27 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Linda P Siziba; Leonie Lorenz; Bernd Stahl; Marko Mank; Tamas Marosvölgyi; Tamas Decsi; Dietrich Rothenbacher; Jon Genuneit Journal: Nutrients Date: 2019-11-20 Impact factor: 5.717