CONTEXT: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder characterized by a deficit in behavioral inhibition. Recent evidence also suggests a deficit in cortical inhibition via the GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-ergic system. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the GABAergic component of ADHD using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Participants were recruited through local schools, local pediatric and other community clinics, and through advertisement in regional publications. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed within the research institute. PARTICIPANTS: Children (age range, 8-12 years) in a typically developing control group vs a group with ADHD were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: J-difference-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T was used to measure GABA concentration in a volume that included primary somatosensory and motor cortices. RESULTS: GABA concentration is reduced in children with ADHD compared with typically developing control subjects. CONCLUSION: Our finding of reduced GABA concentration in ADHD is concordant with recently reported deficits in short intracortical inhibition in ADHD and suggests a GABAergic deficit in ADHD.
CONTEXT: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder characterized by a deficit in behavioral inhibition. Recent evidence also suggests a deficit in cortical inhibition via the GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-ergic system. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the GABAergic component of ADHD using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING:Participants were recruited through local schools, local pediatric and other community clinics, and through advertisement in regional publications. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed within the research institute. PARTICIPANTS: Children (age range, 8-12 years) in a typically developing control group vs a group with ADHD were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: J-difference-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T was used to measure GABA concentration in a volume that included primary somatosensory and motor cortices. RESULTS:GABA concentration is reduced in children with ADHD compared with typically developing control subjects. CONCLUSION: Our finding of reduced GABA concentration in ADHD is concordant with recently reported deficits in short intracortical inhibition in ADHD and suggests a GABAergic deficit in ADHD.
Authors: Frederic Boy; C John Evans; Richard A E Edden; Andrew D Lawrence; Krish D Singh; Masud Husain; Petroc Sumner Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2011-07-14 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Stefano Marenco; Antonina A Savostyanova; Jan Willem van der Veen; Matthew Geramita; Alexa Stern; Alan S Barnett; Bhaskar Kolachana; Eugenia Radulescu; Fengyu Zhang; Joseph H Callicott; Richard E Straub; Jun Shen; Daniel R Weinberger Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology Date: 2010-03-31 Impact factor: 7.853
Authors: R T Brown; W S Freeman; J M Perrin; M T Stein; R W Amler; H M Feldman; K Pierce; M L Wolraich Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2001-03 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Frederic Boy; C John Evans; Richard A E Edden; Krish D Singh; Masud Husain; Petroc Sumner Journal: Curr Biol Date: 2010-09-30 Impact factor: 10.834
Authors: Nicolaas A J Puts; Richard A E Edden; C John Evans; Francis McGlone; David J McGonigle Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2011-11-16 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: J Biederman; S V Faraone; K Keenan; J Benjamin; B Krifcher; C Moore; S Sprich-Buckminster; K Ugaglia; M S Jellinek; R Steingard Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 1992-09
Authors: Mark Mikkelsen; Peter B Barker; Pallab K Bhattacharyya; Maiken K Brix; Pieter F Buur; Kim M Cecil; Kimberly L Chan; David Y-T Chen; Alexander R Craven; Koen Cuypers; Michael Dacko; Niall W Duncan; Ulrike Dydak; David A Edmondson; Gabriele Ende; Lars Ersland; Fei Gao; Ian Greenhouse; Ashley D Harris; Naying He; Stefanie Heba; Nigel Hoggard; Tun-Wei Hsu; Jacobus F A Jansen; Alayar Kangarlu; Thomas Lange; R Marc Lebel; Yan Li; Chien-Yuan E Lin; Jy-Kang Liou; Jiing-Feng Lirng; Feng Liu; Ruoyun Ma; Celine Maes; Marta Moreno-Ortega; Scott O Murray; Sean Noah; Ralph Noeske; Michael D Noseworthy; Georg Oeltzschner; James J Prisciandaro; Nicolaas A J Puts; Timothy P L Roberts; Markus Sack; Napapon Sailasuta; Muhammad G Saleh; Michael-Paul Schallmo; Nicholas Simard; Stephan P Swinnen; Martin Tegenthoff; Peter Truong; Guangbin Wang; Iain D Wilkinson; Hans-Jörg Wittsack; Hongmin Xu; Fuhua Yan; Chencheng Zhang; Vadim Zipunnikov; Helge J Zöllner; Richard A E Edden Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2017-07-14 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: Madeline M Robertson; Sarah Furlong; Bradley Voytek; Thomas Donoghue; Charlotte A Boettiger; Margaret A Sheridan Journal: J Neurophysiol Date: 2019-10-16 Impact factor: 2.714
Authors: David M Cochran; Elif M Sikoglu; Steven M Hodge; Richard A E Edden; Ann Foley; David N Kennedy; Constance M Moore; Jean A Frazier Journal: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol Date: 2015-04-28 Impact factor: 2.576