Acute vascular rejection after renal transplantation and isolated v-lesion.

Histopathological changes of acute vascular rejection (AVR) are characterized by intimal arteritis and transmural arteritis. According to the Banff 1997 classification, the quantitative criteria for intimal arteritis (v score) are classified: v0, v1, v2, and v3. According to Banff '09 classification, AVR may fall into one of four categories: acute T cell-mediated rejection (ATMR) Type IIA, ATMR Type IIB, ATMR Type III, and acute antibody-mediated rejection (AAMR) Type III. Both cellular and humoral immunity play roles in vascular rejection, and in some cases, AVR may be provoked by anti-donor antibodies. Anti-rejection therapies were effective in most of the v1 cases but were less effective in the v2 cases and were ineffective in the v3 cases. Some reports have indicated that the prognosis of grafts exhibiting AVR is poor, but in our series, the outcome of AVR was relatively good using recent immunosuppressive protocols. A definition for "isolated v-lesion" was originally characterized by arteritis with minimal interstitial inflammation and tubulitis. The 11th Banff conference was concluded that "isolated v1-lesions" comprised two types, T cell-mediated rejection and injury, and did not have any independent prognostic significance. However, we speculate that "isolated v-lesion" might be regarded as AAMR and ATMR.