A short review on the structure-function relationship of artificial catecholase/tyrosinase and nuclease activities of Cu-complexes.

The synthesis of metal complexes has vastly increased the scope of research for many scientists during the two last decades. Among these compounds, artificial tyrosinases, catecholases, proteases, and nucleases are some of the most studied due to their importance as modern tools in the fields of medicine, scientific research, and industry. Transition metals such as Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(3+), Co(3+), Ni(2+), and lanthanide ions are the most commonly used. Among these ions, copper complexes have been the focus of the majority of studies thanks to their significant activity in comparison with other ions. Studies of copper-based tyrosinases, catecholases, and nucleases have revealed some of the overarching factors affecting reactions of all three types, which has led to improved activity and efficiency for all. Key factors include proper core-core distance, (Cu⋯Cu distance 2.90-2.99 Å), suitable solvent, and ligands with proper hydrophobic structure and geometry. In the present investigation, we review and introduce the proposed mechanisms and the kinetically effective factors of natural catecholase, tyrosinase, and nuclease and their Cu-based synthetic mimics.