Firdaus A A Mohamed Hoesein1, Pieter Zanen2, H Marike Boezen3, Harry J M Groen4, Bram van Ginneken5, Pim A de Jong6, Dirkje S Postma4, Jan-Willem J Lammers1. 1. Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht. 2. Division of Heart and Lungs, Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht. Electronic address: p.zanen@umcutrecht.nl. 3. Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen. 4. Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen. 5. Image Sciences Institute, Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. 6. Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent evidence indicates that the rate of lung function decline is steepest in mild COPD and slower in moderate to severe COPD. The current study assessed whether lung function decline relates to baseline airflow obstruction severity in male heavy smokers. METHODS: In total, 2,003 male smokers with a mean (SD) age of 59.8 (5.3) years underwent pulmonary function testing at baseline and after 3-year follow-up. Participants were classified by entry FEV1/FVC as follows: group 1, >70%; group 2, <70%, but greater than lower limit of normal (LLN); and group 3, less than LLN. Differences in lung function decline among the groups were assessed using multiple regression after adjustment for pack-years, smoking status (current or former smoker), presence or absence of mucus production, medical center, height, age, CT scan-derived emphysema severity (15th percentile), observation time (years in study), and the baseline values. RESULTS: Over 3 years, the mean (SD) FEV₁/FVC, FEV₁, and maximum expiratory flow at 50% of FVC decreases in group 1 were 3.1% (1), 0.21 L (0.07), and 0.40 L/s (0.26), respectively. In group 3, these decreases were 2.4% (1.1), 0.15 L (0.08), and 0.06 L/s (0.19), respectively. All lung function parameters showed the greatest decline in group 1 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosing COPD based on the presence of more severe airflow obstruction (as defined by FEV₁/FVC less than LLN) means that, at the time of such a diagnosis, subjects had passed the phase of strong lung-function decline. TRIAL REGISTRY: ISRCTN Register; No.: ISRCTN63545820; URL: www.trialregister.nl
BACKGROUND: Recent evidence indicates that the rate of lung function decline is steepest in mild COPD and slower in moderate to severe COPD. The current study assessed whether lung function decline relates to baseline airflow obstruction severity in male heavy smokers. METHODS: In total, 2,003 male smokers with a mean (SD) age of 59.8 (5.3) years underwent pulmonary function testing at baseline and after 3-year follow-up. Participants were classified by entry FEV1/FVC as follows: group 1, >70%; group 2, <70%, but greater than lower limit of normal (LLN); and group 3, less than LLN. Differences in lung function decline among the groups were assessed using multiple regression after adjustment for pack-years, smoking status (current or former smoker), presence or absence of mucus production, medical center, height, age, CT scan-derived emphysema severity (15th percentile), observation time (years in study), and the baseline values. RESULTS: Over 3 years, the mean (SD) FEV₁/FVC, FEV₁, and maximum expiratory flow at 50% of FVC decreases in group 1 were 3.1% (1), 0.21 L (0.07), and 0.40 L/s (0.26), respectively. In group 3, these decreases were 2.4% (1.1), 0.15 L (0.08), and 0.06 L/s (0.19), respectively. All lung function parameters showed the greatest decline in group 1 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosing COPD based on the presence of more severe airflow obstruction (as defined by FEV₁/FVC less than LLN) means that, at the time of such a diagnosis, subjects had passed the phase of strong lung-function decline. TRIAL REGISTRY: ISRCTN Register; No.: ISRCTN63545820; URL: www.trialregister.nl
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