Patent-related survey on new monoamine oxidase inhibitors and their therapeutic potential.

INTRODUCTION: Monoamine oxidase (MAO) plays an important role in the control of intracellular concentration of monoaminergic neurotransmitters or neuromodulators and dietary amines. The rapid degradation of these molecules ensures the proper functioning of synaptic neurotransmission and is critical for the regulation of several mental and cognitive functions. The by-products of MAO-mediated reactions comprehend reactive and toxic chemical species. As a consequence of this, the development of human MAO inhibitors led to important discoveries in the treatment of several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. AREAS COVERED: This review highlights the recent MAO inhibitors-related patents (2010-2012) and reports on new associations of already known MAO inhibitors with other drugs, innovative therapeutic targets, MAO inhibitors obtained by plants extraction, alternative administration routes and synthetic processes. EXPERT OPINION: MAO inhibitors appear promising for further clinical development being often endowed with other pharmacological functions (iron-chelating property, cholinesterase inhibition). A new 'golden age' of MAO inhibitors recently started from (i) the discovery of new therapeutic targets (prostate cancer, diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion injury, tobacco dependence, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy); (ii) the recognized role of MAO as biomolecular markers (insomnia, chronic alcoholism, obsessive-compulsive behavior); (iii) the activity of these enzymes in other tissues (platelets, prostate cells).